Gender, Harassment and Drinking among College Students

大学生中的性别、骚扰和饮酒

• 批准号: 8451579
• 负责人: KATHLEEN M ROSPENDA
• 金额: $ 44.19万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-10 至 2015-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8451579
• 关键词: Address; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcoholism; Alcohols; American; Anger; Anxiety; Belief; Chronic; Cognitive; Complex; Data; Development; Discrimination; Distress; Drug usage; Emotions; Exhibits; Exposure to; Family; Family history of; Female; Gender; Gender Role; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Goals; Growth; Heavy Drinking; High Prevalence; Hostility; Illinois; Individual; Intervention; Knowledge; Legal; Life; Life Stress; Link; Measures; Mediating; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Methodology; Modeling; Occupations; Online Systems; Outcome; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Population; Predictive Factor; Prevention strategy; Public Health; Questionnaires; Research; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Rural; Sampling; Schools; Sex Characteristics; Sexual Harassment; Social Conformity; Social support; Specific qualifier value; Stress; Stress and Coping; Students; Surveys; Techniques; Testing; Time; Universities; Woman; Work; Workplace; aged; base; bullying; college; college drinking; college student alcohol abuse; community college; coping; design; drinking; drinking behavior; elementary school; experience; high school; improved; innovation; intervention program; knowledge base; men; neglect; novel; outreach program; peer; person centered; programs; psychosocial; public health relevance; research study; response; sex; social; statistical center; stressor; theories; underage drinking; university student; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This study will extend past research on college student drinking by a) examining how patterns of harassment at school (SH) and work (WH), in the context of other school and life stressors, may differentially contribute to drinking trajectories and problem drinking for women versus men college students, and b) applying a stressor-vulnerability model to examine how a variety of gender-linked risk and protective factors may influence the relationships between WH and SH and other work, school, and life stressors and trajectories of problematic alcohol use (i.e., trajectories of increasing or chronically heavy use) over time. Hypothesized moderators include relational orientation, coping strategies (emotion focused, active, and avoidant coping), perceived social support from family, school peers, and coworkers, drinking motives (tension-reduction, sociability, conformity, and power motives), same-sex drinking norms among school and work peers, and family history of alcoholism. We will also examine the extent to which the effects of WH and SH on drinking and drug use are mediated by negative affect (depression, anxiety, and anger/hostility), differentially by gender. Results of hypothesis tests incorporating these factors will contribute to the knowledge base about predictors of underage drinking, specifically the individual, school, and workplace issues that may place female students at particular risk for problematic drinking in response to stress. We propose to survey 3,000 incoming college freshman aged 18 or older from six Illinois universities and colleges (2- and 4-year; public and private; urban and rural) using a web-based questionnaire at 6 time points across four years; (1) 2 months prior to college entry (baseline), and at (2) 4 months; (3) 8 months; (4) 20 months; (5) 32 months; and (6) 44 months after college entry. This design will allow us to explore our hypotheses using both traditional variable-centered statistical approaches to look at structural relationships among variables, as well as a person-centered approach to examine predictors and outcomes of distinct patterns of intra-individual change in drinking among women and men college students. The person-centered approach will also allow us to examine at which time points predictive factors are most salient. This will be the first study to include WH and SH as potential predictors of alcohol use in the context of other school, work, and life stressors, and to incorporate these measures into person-centered latent growth mixture models of drinking trajectories. The long term goals of this study are to: 1) better understand how the complex array of psychosocial risk factors for alcohol abuse, within a variety of domains, differ over time for young adult women and men college students, 2) use this knowledge to develop timely, gender-specific prevention and intervention strategies that might be implemented at the individual, school, or workplace levels to address alcohol abuse among college students, and 3) provide data to support legal efforts to prohibit generalized workplace harassment.

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究将扩展过去对大学生饮酒的研究，方法是：a) 检验在其他学校和生活压力因素的背景下，学校 (SH) 和工作 (WH) 的骚扰模式如何对大学生饮酒产生不同的影响b) 应用压力源-脆弱性模型来研究各种与性别相关的风险和保护因素如何影响 WH 和 SH 以及其他工作、学校和生活之间的关系压力源随着时间的推移，有问题的饮酒轨迹（即增加或长期大量使用的轨迹）。假设的调节因素包括关系取向、应对策略（情绪集中、主动和回避应对）、来自家庭、学校同龄人和同事的感知社会支持、饮酒动机（减轻紧张、社交、从众和权力动机）、同性学校和工作同事的饮酒规范以及酗酒家族史。我们还将研究 WH 和 SH 对饮酒和吸毒的影响在多大程度上是由负面情绪（抑郁、焦虑和愤怒/敌意）介导的，并根据性别进行差异化。纳入这些因素的假设检验结果将有助于建立关于未成年人饮酒预测因素的知识库，特别是个人、学校和工作场所问题，这些问题可能使女学生因压力而面临饮酒问题的特殊风险。我们建议使用基于网络的问卷调查，在四年内的 6 个时间点对伊利诺伊州六所大学和学院（两年制和四年制；公立和私立；城市和农村）的 3,000 名 18 岁或以上的新生进行调查； (1) 大学入学前 2 个月（基线），以及 (2) 4 个月时； （3）8个月； （4）20个月； （五）32个月； (6) 大学入学后44个月。这种设计将使我们能够利用传统的以变量为中心的统计方法来研究变量之间的结构关系，以及以人为中心的方法来检查女性个体内部饮酒变化的不同模式的预测因素和结果，从而探索我们的假设和男性大学生。以人为中心的方法还将使我们能够检查预测因素在哪些时间点最显着。这将是第一项将 WH 和 SH 作为在其他学校、工作和生活压力因素背景下饮酒的潜在预测因素的研究，并将这些措施纳入以人为中心的饮酒轨迹的潜在增长混合模型中。本研究的长期目标是：1）更好地了解年轻成年男女大学生在不同领域内酗酒的一系列复杂的心理社会风险因素如何随着时间的推移而变化，2）利用这些知识制定及时、针对特定性别的预防和干预策略，可在个人、学校或工作场所层面实施，以解决大学生酗酒问题；3) 提供数据支持禁止普遍工作场所骚扰的法律努力。