The Impact of Psychopathic Traits on a Cocaine Use Intervention for Offenders

精神病特征对罪犯可卡因使用干预的影响

基本信息

批准号：
8145329
负责人：
Marc Swogger
金额：
$ 17.35万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-09-30 至 2014-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8145329
关键词：
Address Administrator Alcohol or Other Drugs use Anger Attention Behavior Characteristics Child Clinical Trials Communicable Diseases Communities Criminal Justice Data Diversion Program Drug usage Drug user Economics Emotional Empathy Enrollment Evidence based intervention Exhibits Family Feedback Forensic Medicine Frequencies Functional disorder Future Goals Health Heterogeneity Hostility Imprisonment Impulsivity Individual Individual Differences Intervention Investigation Jail Link Measures Mediating Outcome Parents Participant Personality Personality Disorders Personality Traits Phase Policy Maker Population Population Characteristics Public Health Randomized Clinical Trials Relative (related person)Research Resistance Resources Role Societies Therapeutic Therapeutic Intervention Treatment Efficacy Treatment outcome Violence Work Writing alcohol abuse therapy anti social base brief intervention cocaine use criminal behavior effective intervention efficacy testing follow-up fundamental research group intervention motivational enhancement therapy offender programs psychopathic personality psychosocial public health relevance recidivism response standard care theories trait wasting

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cocaine use among criminal offenders constitutes a major public health problem and is tied to negative consequences for offenders, their families, and their communities. One of the direst of these consequences is repeated incarceration; thus, interventions that reduce criminal recidivism are needed. Forensic populations are often viewed with considerable therapeutic pessimism. However, offenders exhibit heterogeneity in personality traits, and the assessment of individual differences among offenders may provide valuable information that guides the use of psychotherapeutic interventions. Among offenders, psychopathy has emerged as an important personality construct for the understanding of violence and criminal recidivism. Moreover, core traits of psychopathy such as lack of empathy, deceitfulness, and lack of remorse may have negative implications for the efficacy of psychosocial interventions. A foundational premise of the present work is that understanding the moderating role of psychopathic traits on substance use treatment outcomes among offenders is essential to determining what works, and for whom. The current proposal is a Phase II randomized clinical trial that aims to examine the impact of psychopathic traits on the efficacy of a brief cocaine use intervention for offenders in a jail diversion program. Hypotheses that will be examined include: 1) that a Motivational Interviewing (MI) - based treatment will reduce cocaine use and related consequences relative to a Standard Care only condition, 2) that the reduction in cocaine use in the intervention group will mediate a reduction in later criminal recidivism relative to the Standard Care condition, and 3) that core psychopathic traits will moderate the efficacy of the intervention such that individuals with lower levels of these traits will derive greater benefits with regard to decreased cocaine use, decreased drug use consequences, and decreased criminal recidivism at a one-year follow-up. This work has the potential to provide important data regarding which individuals can benefit from a brief intervention for cocaine use. Such data will inform the effective and efficient allocation of treatment resources for cocaine using offenders. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Repeated incarceration is linked to poor emotional health, infectious disease, and diminishing prospects for reintegration into society. The effects of incarceration are felt not only by offenders, but by their families and communities in the form of economic hardship, children with absent parents, and, potentially, individuals who become more ill or dangerous with repeated incarcerations. The present study aims to decrease criminal recidivism by providing information that informs the effective and efficient treatment of cocaine-using offenders.

描述（由申请人提供）：刑事犯罪者使用可卡因构成了一个重大的公共卫生问题，并对犯罪者、其家人和社区造成负面后果。这些后果中最可怕的之一是反复监禁；因此，需要采取干预措施减少犯罪累犯。人们常常对法医群体抱有相当大的治疗悲观态度。然而，罪犯在人格特征上表现出异质性，对罪犯个体差异的评估可能会提供有价值的信息，指导心理治疗干预措施的使用。在罪犯中，精神病已成为理解暴力和犯罪累犯的重要人格结构。此外，精神病态的核心特征，如缺乏同理心、欺骗和缺乏悔恨，可能会对心理社会干预的效果产生负面影响。目前工作的基本前提是，了解精神病特征对罪犯药物使用治疗结果的调节作用对于确定什么有效以及对谁有效至关重要。目前的提案是一项 II 期随机临床试验，旨在研究精神变态特征对监狱分流计划中罪犯短暂可卡因使用干预效果的影响。将检验的假设包括：1) 相对于仅标准护理的情况，基于动机访谈 (MI) 的治疗将减少可卡因使用和相关后果，2) 干预组中可卡因使用的减少将介导可卡因使用的减少相对于标准护理条件，在后来的犯罪累犯中，以及 3) 核心精神病特征将调节干预的功效，使得这些特征水平较低的个体将在减少可卡因方面获得更大的益处在一年的随访中，减少了吸毒的使用，减少了吸毒后果，并减少了犯罪累犯。这项工作有可能提供重要数据，说明哪些人可以从可卡因使用的简短干预中受益。此类数据将为可卡因使用罪犯的治疗资源的有效和高效分配提供信息。公共卫生相关性：反复监禁与情绪健康状况不佳、传染病以及重新融入社会的前景减弱有关。监禁的影响不仅会影响罪犯，还会影响他们的家庭和社区，表现为经济困难、父母缺席的儿童，以及可能因反复监禁而病情加重或危险的个人。本研究旨在通过提供有效和高效治疗可卡因罪犯的信息来减少犯罪累犯。