Effect of decals on teen compliance with and enforcement of driving restrictions

贴花对青少年遵守和执行驾驶限制的影响

基本信息

批准号：
8501609
负责人：
Allison Elizabeth Curry
金额：
$ 7.95万
依托单位：
CHILDREN'S HOSP OF PHILADELPHIA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2012-07-01 至 2014-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8501609
关键词：
Address Adolescent Age Automobile Driving Cellular Phone Child Child health care Country Data Data Element Databases Decal Effectiveness Electronics Equipment Evaluation Event Foundations Future Geographic state Goals Health Human Development Individual Institutes International Intervention Law Enforcement Laws Licensing Licensure Link Methodology Methods Morbidity - disease rate Motor Vehicles New Jersey Patient Self-Report Police Police officer Policies Population Process Public Health Recording of previous events Reporting Research Research Methodology Research Personnel Risk Risk Behaviors Rural Safety Sampling Seat Belts Socioeconomic Status Subgroup Surveys Techniques Teenagers Time Vehicle crash Young driver design driving behavior evidence base high risk innovation mortality novel peer population based prevent programs residence sex trafficking willingness

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) laws have significantly reduced the burden of teen crashes, in part by restricting newly-licensed teen drivers (i.e., probationary drivers) from engaging in high-risk driving behaviors. However, their effectiveness has been limited by challenges with: (1) teen drivers' willingness to comply with GDL restrictions and (2) law enforcement's ability to enforce these restrictions, given there is no obvious way to identify a probationary driver's vehicle. New Jersey (NJ) recently implemented the first-in-the-nation decal provision into their GDL law, requiring probationary drivers to disply highly-visible decals on their cars while driving. This innovative law is designed to facilitate enforcement of GDL restrictions and increase the likelihood that probationary drivers avoid high-risk driving behaviors, thereby reducing their crash risk. Although several other countries have long required decals, decal provisions have not yet been evaluated, in part because of a lack of adequate research methods. This study aims to evaluate the effect of NJ's decal provision on probationary drivers' compliance with four GDL restrictions (peer passengers limits, nighttime curfew, ban on use of electronic equipment, and required seat belt use) and police officers' enforcement of these restrictions. Additionally, the study will determine predictors of compliance with current NJ GDL restrictions in order to identify adolescent driver subgroups at high-risk of engagement in risky driving behaviors. To overcome methodological challenges, we will employ a novel application of the induced exposure technique, a validated method unique to traffic safety research. In particular, this study will borrow the technique's main principle, that non-responsible drivers in two-car crashes are randomly selected by responsible drivers from the population of road users and thus are a reasonably representative sample of the road user population, to make population- based pre- and post-law estimates of compliance among NJ probationary drivers. To address specific aims, we will analyze a linked database containing NJ crash and driver licensing information. Data from NJ's crash report will be used to identify the proportion of non-responsible probationary drivers in crashes who were complying with each restriction, while data on GDL-related citations will be used to estimate GDL enforcement among non-complying probationary drivers. This evaluation is critical to the future of GDL decal laws in the U.S., as several states are awaiting results as they consider implementing similar provisions. Further, this study will contribute to building the scientific evidence base for decal provisions - a controversial, but potentially important policy intervention to enhance GDL. Finally, this study will advance the field of young driver research by providing researchers with an innovative method to: (1) evaluate the effects of policy-level interventions on driving behavior;(2) estimate the extent of engagement in hard-to-capture risky behaviors (e.g., nighttime driving) among various young driver subgroups; and (3) identify high-risk subgroups of young drivers to target for future interventions. Although Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) laws have significantly reduced the burden of teen motor vehicle crashes, their potential to have an even greater impact on public health hinges on efforts to enhance teen compliance with and police enforcement of GDL restrictions (passenger limit, curfew, seat belt use, cell phone restriction). This study will evaluate whether New Jersey's innovative effort to do so - a GDL law requiring novice teen drivers to display a decal on their vehicle's license plate to make themselves easily identifiable to police - increases teen drivers' compliance with and officers' enforcement of GDL restrictions. Results will productively inform future refinements of New Jersey's law, guide decisions of policymakers in other U.S. states considering similar laws, and provide much-needed scientific evidence as to the effectiveness of decal laws.

描述（由申请人提供）：逐步的驾驶执照（GDL）法律大大减轻了青少年崩溃的负担，部分原因是限制了新许可的青少年驾驶员（即试用司机）从事高风险驾驶行为。但是，它们的有效性受到以下挑战的限制：（1）青少年驾驶员愿意遵守GDL限制，以及（2）执法人员执行这些限制的能力，鉴于没有明显的方法来识别试用驾驶员的车辆。新泽西州（NJ）最近在其GDL法律中实施了第一个国际贴花的规定，要求试用驱动程序在驾驶时在汽车上分配高度可见的贴花。这项创新的法律旨在促进GDL限制的执行，并增加试用驱动程序避免高危驾驶行为的可能性，从而降低了其撞车风险。尽管其他几个国家长期以来需要贴花，但尚未评估贴花条款，部分原因是缺乏足够的研究方法。这项研究旨在评估NJ的贴花条款对试用驾驶员对四个GDL限制的依从性（同行乘客的限制，夜间宵禁，使用电子设备的使用以及必需的安全带使用）以及警察执行这些限制。此外，该研究将确定符合当前NJ GDL限制的预测因素，以确定在危险驾驶行为中高风险的青少年驾驶员亚组。为了克服方法论上的挑战，我们将采用诱发暴露技术的新颖应用，这是交通安全研究所独有的经过验证的方法。特别是，这项研究将借用该技术的主要原则，即两车撞车事故中的不承担的驾驶员是由负责任的驾驶员从道路使用者人群中随机选择的，因此是道路用户人群的合理代表性样本，以使NJ试用驱动因素之间的合规性估计值和后的DRAVE估算值。为了解决特定目标，我们将分析包含NJ崩溃和驾驶许可信息的链接数据库。 NJ崩溃报告中的数据将用于确定符合每项限制的崩溃中不承担的试用驱动程序的比例，而与GDL相关的引用的数据将用于估计非竞争试验驱动程序中的GDL执行。该评估对于美国GDL贴花法的未来至关重要，因为几个州正在等待结果，因为他们考虑实施类似的规定。此外，这项研究将有助于建立贴花条款的科学证据基础，这是一种有争议但可能重要的政策干预，以增强GDL。最后，这项研究将通过为研究人员提供一种创新方法来推进年轻驾驶员研究领域：（1）评估政策级别的干预措施对驾驶行为的影响；（2）估计各种年轻驾驶员子组中难以接触的危险行为（例如，夜间驾驶）的参与程度；（3）确定年轻驾驶员的高风险亚组，以实现未来的干预措施。尽管毕业的驾驶许可（GDL）法律已大大减轻了青少年汽车撞车的负担，但它们对公共卫生铰链的影响更大，以增强对GDL限制的努力和警察执行GDL限制（乘客限制，策展人，策展人，安全带使用，手机限制）。这项研究将评估新泽西州是否为此做出的创新努力 - 一项GDL法律要求新手青少年司机在车辆的车牌上显示贴花，以使自己容易被警察识别 - 增加了青少年驾驶员对GDL的遵守，并执行了GDL的限制。结果将有效地为新泽西州法律的未来改进，指导美国其他州考虑类似法律的决策者的决定，并就贴花法的有效性提供了急需的科学证据。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（7）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Young Driver Compliance With Graduated Driver Licensing Restrictions Before and After Implementation of a Decal Provision.

在实施贴花规定之前和之后，年轻驾驶员遵守分级驾驶员执照限制。

DOI：
10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.11.292
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine
影响因子：
0
作者：
Palumbo,AimeeJ;Pfeiffer,MelissaR;Elliott,MichaelR;Curry,AllisonE
通讯作者：
Curry,AllisonE

Statistical implications of using moving violation data to determine crash responsibility.

使用移动违规数据确定碰撞责任的统计意义。