Project 2

项目2

• 批准号: 8426022
• 负责人: CHRISTINE Makosky DALEY
• 金额: $ 12.85万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS MEDICAL CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-02-01 至 2015-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8426022
• 关键词: Abstinence; Address; African American; Age; American Indian and Alaska Native; American Indians; Cigarette; Cohort Studies; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Epidemiology; Ethnic group; Focus Groups; Future; Health; Intervention; Investigation; Kansas; Longitudinal Surveys; Measures; Metabolism; Methods; Natural History; Nicotine; Nicotine Dependence; Pattern; Population; Population Study; Positioning Attribute; Predisposition; Prevalence; Prevention; Process; Qualitative Methods; Recruitment Activity; Role; Saliva; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Prevention; Students; Subgroup; Surveys; Time; Tobacco Dependence; Tobacco use; Underserved Population; Universities; Woman; Work; cigarette smoking; cohort; college; design; health disparity; high risk; information gathering; innovation; northern plains; programs; psychosocial; smoking cessation; smoking prevalence; tobacco advertising; tribal college; university student; uptake

American Indians (AI) have the highest smoking rates of any ethnic group in the US (40.8%), followed most closely by African Americans (24.3%) and Whites (23.6%). Additionally, AI women are the only group in whom smoking prevalence has increased over the past two decades, from 34.1% to 40.9%. Smoking rates among AI smokers vary by region and are highest in the Northern Plains 44.1%, and lowest in the Southwest 21.2%. AI smokers also have more difficulty quitting smoking compared to other ethnic groups, evidenced by their significantly lower quit ratios and are among the least successful in maintaining long term abstinence. While health disparities like these have existed for years among AI, the epidemiology of smoking and nicotine dependence has not been optimally described among this underserved population. Our prior work developing a smoking cessation program has revealed that although very high numbers of AI smoke, they typically smoke one-half the number of cigarettes per day compared with a smoker in the majority culture. We have also observed a younger age of initiation. As such, we now propose a formal investigation to understand these patterns. Such factors relating to tobacco use, nicotine dependence and metabolism maybe different between AI and the general U.S. population, and even among AI subgroups. These possible differences have not been previously investigated and must be studied if we are to make significant inroads in developing culturally relevant smoking prevention and cessation strategies for this population. Our overarching thematic hypothesis is that the susceptibility of AI to cigarette smoking and nicotine dependence and its consequences has both an underlying nicotine metabolism component as well as psychosocial, cultural, and environment causes. We are well-positioned to explore this issue for the first time in this population. Our objective is to establish a cohort of AI tribal college/university students to determine the predictors of smoking initiation (non-use to experimentation) and progression (experimentation to established use).

美国印第安人 (AI) 的吸烟率是美国各族裔中最高的 (40.8%)，其次是非洲裔美国人 (24.3%) 和白人 (23.6%)。此外，AI 女性是过去 20 年来唯一吸烟率上升的群体，从 34.1% 上升到 40.9%。 AI吸烟者的吸烟率因地区而异，北部平原地区最高为44.1%，西南地区最低为21.2%。与其他族裔相比，人工智能吸烟者戒烟也更加困难，他们的戒烟率明显较低，并且是维持长期戒烟最不成功的人群之一。虽然此类健康差异在人工智能中已经存在多年，但在这一服务不足的人群中，吸烟和尼古丁依赖的流行病学尚未得到最佳描述。我们之前开发戒烟计划的工作表明，尽管人工智能吸烟的人数非常多，但与大多数文化中的吸烟者相比，他们每天吸烟的数量通常只有一半。我们还观察到启蒙年龄较年轻。因此，我们现在建议进行正式调查以了解这些模式。与烟草使用、尼古丁依赖和新陈代谢相关的这些因素在人工智能和美国普通人群之间，甚至在人工智能亚组之间可能有所不同。这些可能的差异以前没有被调查过，如果我们要在针对这一人群制定与文化相关的吸烟预防和戒烟策略方面取得重大进展，就必须对这些差异进行研究。我们的总体主题假设是，人工智能对吸烟和尼古丁依赖的敏感性及其后果既具有潜在的尼古丁代谢成分，又具有潜在的尼古丁代谢成分。 由于社会心理、文化和环境原因。我们处于有利地位，可以在这个人群中首次探讨这个问题。我们的目标是建立一个人工智能部落学院/大学生队列，以确定吸烟开始（不使用实验）和进展（实验到确定使用）的预测因素。