Pathway to Independence Award, Independent

独立之路奖

• 批准号: 8489276
• 负责人: Stephen V David
• 金额: $ 22.81万
• 依托单位: OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-06-15 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8489276
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Algorithms; Animals; Area; Attention; Auditory; Auditory area; Auricular prosthesis; Award; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Models; Brain; Characteristics; Complex; Computer Analysis; Computer Simulation; Cues; Data; Detection; Engineering; Environment; Ferrets; Frequencies; Goals; Hearing; Hearing Aids; Human; Learning; Mammals; Masks; Measures; Methods; Neurons; Noise; Output; Pathway interactions; Patients; Perception; Phase; Population; Process; Property; Relative (related person); Research; Response to stimulus physiology; Sensory Process; Signal Transduction; Source; Speech; Stimulus; System; Testing; Visual; auditory stimulus; awake; computerized data processing; experience; feeding; frontal lobe; improved; insight; multisensory; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; novel; relating to nervous system; research study; response; selective attention; sound; visual stimulus

Humans and other mammals are able to recognize and discriminate sounds even when masked by substantial irrelevant noise. Although this process is often effortless for animals, common sources of environmental noise severely confound automatic speech processors and distort the output of hearing aids and prosthetics. Understanding how complex noisy sounds are processed in central brain areas can provide critical insights into how to address these ongoing challenges. The goal of this project is to study cortical responses to naturalistic noisy auditory stimuli in order to understand neurophysiological mechanisms for the robust perception of noisy signals. Initial experiments will study automatic enhancement of natural signals in neural representations during passive listening. These experiments will focus specifically on environmental noise that challenges engineered auditory processing systems. Further experiments will study how neuronal mechanisms facilitate this process when selective attention is directed to auditory and multisensory audio-visual features. Computational analysis will be used to understand the algorithms employed by single neurons and neural populations to enhance the representation of important signals. In addition to revealing basic neural mechanisms of sensory processing, these experiments will provide insight into how sound processors can be improved for hearing-impaired patients.

人类和其他哺乳动物也能够识别和区分声音，即使被掩盖 无关紧要的噪音。尽管对于动物而言，这个过程通常很轻松，但常见来源 环境噪声严重混淆了自动语音处理器，并扭曲了输出 助听器和假肢。了解中央的复杂声音如何处理 大脑区域可以提供有关如何应对这些持续挑战的关键见解。目标 该项目是研究对自然主义嘈杂听觉刺激的皮质反应，以便理解 神经生理机制，可鲁Noisy信号感知。最初的实验将 在被动聆听过程中，研究自然信号自动增强自然信号。 这些实验将专门集中于挑战设计的环境噪声 听觉处理系统。进一步的实验将研究神经元机制如何促进 当选择性关注指向听觉和多感觉视听功能时，此过程。 计算分析将用于了解单个神经元和 神经种群增强重要信号的表示。除了揭示 感觉处理的基本神经机制，这些实验将提供有关如何 可以改善听力受损的患者的声音处理器。