Kinesthetic influences on visual motion perception in normal and older adults

动觉对正常人和老年人视觉运动知觉的影响

• 批准号: 8576067
• 负责人: DAVID C KNILL
• 金额: $ 22.49万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-15 至 2015-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8576067
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Age; Aging; Area; Articular Range of Motion; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Clinical; Conflict (Psychology); Coupled; Coupling; Decision Making; Detection; Elderly; Endogenous Factors; Event; Exhibits; Future; Hand; Impairment; Individual; Intervention; Kinesthesis; Knowledge; Lead; Measures; Modality; Modeling; Motion; Motion Perception; Motor; Movement; Nature; Noise; Outcome; Performance; Process; Proprioception; Reporting; Research; Role; Sensory; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Testing; Training; Uncertainty; Vision; Visual; Visual Motion; Weight; age related; base; clinically significant; computerized data processing; discount; improved; improved functioning; multisensory; object motion; public health relevance; research study; segregation; tool; visual process; visual processing

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): How the brain integrates kinesthetic information about self-generated movements with other sensory signals caused by those movements is largely unknown. While there is a substantial and growing body of research on how the brain integrates multiple sensory signals generated by objects and events in the world, much less is known about how the brain integrates kinesthetic and visual motion signals. Even less is known about how the interactions between kinesthesis and vision change with age. The current proposal addresses these gaps in our understanding, specifically aiming to elucidate how kinesthetic signals generated by one's hand motion influence visual motion processing and how those interactions change with age - a question of clinical significance because of the known age-related deficits in visual motion processing. The first aim focuses on an aspect of multisensory integration that is often overlooked - how the brain determines whether or not, or how strongly, to couple signals from different modalities (most current research focuses on how the brain weights different signals when they are perfectly coupled). We will measure how subjects adapt their inter-modal coupling to changes in signal reliability and compare subjects' performance to that of optimal Bayesian models that are parameterized by estimates of individual subjects' sensory uncertainty. The models provide a tool for testing the hypothesis that aging leads to changes in multimodal integration mechanisms themselves, by allowing us to discount the effects of changes in unimodal signal uncertainty on older subjects' behavior. The second aim will study whether and how the brain uses kinesthetic signals to support and enhance early visual processing and how this changes with age. In one set of experiments, we will test the hypothesis that predictive signals associated with kinesthesis enhance the detectability of congruent visual motion signals and measure the tuning of this enhancement to conflicts between the signals. Another set of experiments will test a strong version of the interaction hypothesis - that kinesthesis can be solely sufficient to generate visual motion percepts. Here, we will expand on a phenomenon discovered in our preliminary studies - that many subjects report seeing visual motion embedded in a white noise field optically collocated with their moving hand. To quantify the strength of generated motion percepts, we will experimentally determine the real visual motions that perceptually match reported phantom motions. We will further explore this kinesthetic enhancement of visual processing to determine whether the underlying interactions between kinesthesis and visual motion processing are multiplicative or additive. A final set of experiments will test the hypothesis that the brain uses kinesthetic signals to aid in motion segmentation by both enhancing the motion signal from a moving target when the hand moves the target and by suppressing the background when the hand moves it. We will measure age-related changes for each of these three forms of interaction between kinesthesis and vision; matching signal uncertainty for young and older subjects to isolate changes that are result from age-related changes in multisensory integration mechanisms.

描述（由申请人提供）：大脑如何将有关自我生成运动的动力学信息与由这些运动引起的其他感觉信号的信息整合在一起，这在很大程度上尚不清楚。尽管关于大脑如何整合世界上对象和事件产生的多种感觉信号的研究，但对大脑如何整合动力学和视觉运动信号的了解却少得多。关于动力学和视力之间的相互作用如何随着年龄的变化而变化，更少的知之甚少。当前的提案在我们的理解中解决了这些差距，特别是为了阐明一个人的手运动产生的动力学信号如何影响视觉运动处理以及这些相互作用如何随着年龄的增长而变化 - 这是一个临床意义的问题，因为已知的年龄与年龄相关的缺陷在视觉运动处理中。第一个目的集中于经常被忽略的多感觉集成的一个方面 - 大脑如何确定来自不同模式的信号是否或强烈的信号（大多数当前的研究都集中在大脑在完美耦合时如何重量不同的信号）。我们将衡量受试者如何将其模式间耦合适应信号可靠性的变化，并将受试者的性能与最佳贝叶斯模型的性能进行比较，这些贝叶斯模型通过对单个受试者的感觉不确定性的估计进行了参数化。这些模型提供了一种测试假设的工具，即衰老会导致多模式集成机制本身的变化，这使我们能够打破单峰信号不确定性变化对旧受试者行为的影响。第二个目标将研究大脑是否以及如何使用运动觉信号来支持和增强早期视觉处理以及这如何随着年龄的变化而变化。在一组实验中，我们将检验以下假设：与动力学相关的预测信号增强了一致的视觉运动信号的可检测性，并测量了这种增强对信号之间冲突的调整。另一组实验将测试相互作用假设的强大版本 - 动力学可以完全足以产生视觉运动感知。在这里，我们将扩展在初步研究中发现的现象 - 许多受试者报告看到嵌入在白噪声场中的视觉运动与他们的移动手光学地置。为了量化产生的运动感知的强度，我们将在实验上确定具有感知上报道的幻影运动的真实视觉运动。我们将进一步探索这种动力学的增强视觉处理，以确定动力学和视觉运动处理之间的潜在相互作用是乘法性的还是添加的。最后一组实验将检验大脑使用的假设 当手移动目标并在手移动时，通过增强运动目标的运动信号来帮助运动分割，以帮助运动分割。我们将衡量动力学和视力之间这三种形式的相互作用中每种形式的与年龄相关的变化；年轻受试者和老年受试者的匹配信号不确定性隔离了由年龄相关的多感觉整合机制变化而导致的变化。