Role of Experience in Development of Cognitive Control and Frontal Cortex

经验在认知控制和额叶皮层发育中的作用

• 批准号: 8544500
• 负责人: DIMA AMSO
• 金额: $ 39万
• 依托单位: BROWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-12 至 2017-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8544500
• 关键词: Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Age; Algorithms; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Autistic Disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Caregivers; Child; Childhood; Classification; Code; Cognitive; Complex; Data; Decision Making; Dependence; Development; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Family; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Human; Individual Differences; Learning; Liquid substance; Literature; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Modeling; Nature; Patients; Pattern; Performance; Policies; Proxy; Relative (related person); Risk; Role; Sampling Studies; Scanning; Socioeconomic Status; Specificity; Staging; Structure; Testing; Voice; Work; abstracting; age related; base; cognitive control; design; developmental disease; experience; flexibility; frontal lobe; indexing; low socioeconomic status; neuroimaging; novel; peer; relating to nervous system; research study; skills; social; success

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Development is charactarized by increasing flexibility in thought and action, enabeling the generalization of rules from item-specific instances to abstract classes of rules that support flexible behavior and can be generalized to novel situations. We capitalized on an established paradigm that has been effective in charactarizing this skill in adults in behavioral and fMRI experiments, and also in patients with frontal damage. This work has shown that increasing complexity in rule-guided action recruites the frontal cortex along a rostro- caudal axis. We hypothesize here that the functional development of the frontal cortex, from middle childhood to adulthood, and associated behavioral performance will follow the same pattern. Specifically, we predict that mature behavior in simple rule tasks will be evident earlier in development than more complex tasks and that this will be associated with functional effiency at the level of the frontal cortex in caudal prior to rostral regions. Using th extant literature, we predict that this functional development is a reflection of increases in the stability of cortical coding of rule-relevant representations. We test this hypothesis using multi-voxel pattern classification algorithms designed to decode the stability of rule-relevant representations across development. Moreover, we test the prediction that representational stability is dependent on experience. Portions of the frontal cortex have an especially protracted developmental course and have been shown to be susceptible to both positive and negative environmental experiences. Rather than use age as a proxy for experience, we turn to socioeconomic status (SES), which has been shown to be a predictor of cognitive control development. Availability of items, interactions, and experiences in high relative to low SES families may prove relevant for experience-based changes in representational stability at the level of the frontal cortex. Moreover, variability among experiences is necessarily more relevant for the development of abstract rather than concrete rule representations, indicating that the impact of SES differences may be evident specific to the development of abstract rule structures. We will examine the specific contribution of SES, as a proxy for enriching experiences, to the development of rule-guided action in both behavioral and neuroimaging experiments. RELEVANCE Item-specific concreteness and perseveration are ubiquitous in developmental disorders including Autism, ADHD, and OCD. We propose to characterize development of rule use at varying levels of abstraction, allowing for novel specificity in understanding the deveopmental course of these skills. Uncovering a specific relationship with experience-based factors (SES) in this development has the added potential of defining variables that confer risk specific to cognitive flexibility and will inform social and educational policy moving forward.

描述（由申请人提供）：通过提高思想和行动的灵活性，将规则从特定于项目特定实例到支持灵活行为的抽象类别的规则概括，可以推广到支持灵活行为的规则，可以推广到新的情况，从而使开发的范围。我们利用了一个已建立的范式，该范式在行为和fMRI实验中以及额叶损伤的患者中有效地赋予了这种技能。这项工作表明，规则引导作用的复杂性增加沿尾轴募集额叶皮质。我们在这里假设，从童年到成年期，额叶皮层的功能发展将遵循相同的模式。具体而言，我们预测，在开发中，与更复杂的任务相比，简单的规则任务中的成熟行为将比更复杂的任务更早，并且在尾部区域之前尾部尾部皮质的水平上，这将与功能功能相关联。使用现有的文献，我们预测这种功能发展反映了相关表示形式的皮质编码的稳定性的提高。我们使用旨在解码在开发过程中规则相关表示的稳定性的多素模式分类算法来检验该假设。此外，我们测试了代表稳定性取决于经验的预测。额叶皮层的一部分具有特别长期的发育过程，并且已被证明容易受到正面和负面环境经验的影响。我们求助于社会经济地位（SES），而不是将年龄用作经验的代理，这已被证明是认知控制发展的预测指标。相对于低SES家族的项目，相互作用和经验的可用性可能与额叶皮层水平的基于经验的代表性变化有关。此外，经验之间的可变性必然与抽象的发展而不是具体规则表示形式相关，这表明SES差异的影响可能明显于抽象规则结构的发展。我们将研究SES的具体贡献，作为丰富经验的代理，对行为和神经成像实验中规则引导的行动的发展。相关项目特定的具体具体性和毅力在发育障碍中无处不在，包括自闭症，ADHD和OCD。我们建议表征在不同水平的抽象水平上使用规则使用的发展，从而在理解这些技能的神经审进过程时具有新颖的特异性。在此开发中发现特定关系与基于经验的因素（SES）具有定义变量的额外潜力，该变量赋予了特定于认知灵活性的风险，并将为社会和教育提供信息 政策前进。