Development of Neural Systems Underlying Learning and Response to Novelty

学习和新奇反应背后的神经系统的发展

• 批准号: 8005538
• 负责人: DIMA AMSO
• 金额: $ 8.94万
• 依托单位: BROWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-01-11 至 2012-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8005538
• 关键词: Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Age; Area; Behavior; Behavior Control; Behavioral; Brain; Child; Clinical Research; Cognitive; Consultations; Corpus striatum structure; Coupled; Coupling; Data; Development; Development Plans; Diffuse; Diffusion; Educational workshop; Event; Eye Movements; Fostering; Foundations; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Hippocampus (Brain); Housing; Image; Infant; Information Services; Injury; Institutes; Investigation; Lateral; Learning; Learning Disabilities; Life; Maintenance; Manuals; Measures; Memory; Outcome; Pattern; Perinatal; Population; Predisposition; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Reaction Time; Relative (related person); Research; Saccades; Stimulus; Supervision; System; Technology; Testing; Time; Training; Universities; Very Low Birth Weight Infant; Work; age group; age related; base; career development; caudate nucleus; classical conditioning; design; experience; indexing; infancy; medical schools; neural circuit; neurodevelopment; neuroimaging; novel; relating to nervous system; response; statistics; white matter

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is a revised K01 proposal designed to foster expertise in the application of neuroimaging to a developmental investigation of learning based on environmental statistics, namely frequency and association-based learning. The candidate has formulated a detailed career development plan composed of didactic coursework, neuroimaging workshops, and ongoing supervision, training, and consultation with field experts. The proposed training will be conducted at the Sackler Institute at the Weill Medical College of Cornell University. The Sackler houses several world-renowned cognitive developmental neuroscientists and is one of the few facilities dedicated entirely to developmental research using neuroimaging technology. In previous work, we found the striatum to be involved in simple frequency-based learning and the hippocampus to be involved in associative learning. We will test the hypothesis that while these forms of learning are intact early in development, the ability to efficiently maintain information during learning and adjust behavior when learned information is violated by novel information develops more gradually as the underlying neural circuitry (e.g., frontostriatal and frontohippocampal circuits) is organized. Statistical manipulations in the frequency with which stimuli are presented and/or associated with other stimuli will be the primary manipulation. Saccade latency in infants, and both saccade latency and reaction times in children, adolescents, and adults will be used as behavioral dependent measures. In a separate session, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)will be used with the same children, adolescents, and adults to assess changes in the recruitment of brain areas and in connectivity between these areas as a function of learning and development. These studies have significant implications for children born preterm and very low birth weight (VLBW, < 1500 grams) who are highly susceptible to subtle striatal and hippocampal injury in the perinatal period, and approximately 40% of who will have some learning disability. By tracking changes in the learning functions of this circuitry across typical development, these studies will lay the foundation for clinical studies that can identify precise learning disruption (specific to striatal or hippocampal circuitry) and associated outcomes and learning disabilities in this preterm and VLBW population. The K01 studies will provide a means by which interpretations of data from future clinical studies can be constrained.

描述（由申请人提供）：这是一项修订后的K01提案，旨在促进基于环境统计数据的神经成像应用于学习的发展研究，即基于频率和基于协会的学习。候选人制定了一项详细的职业发展计划，该计划包括教学课程，神经影像学研讨会以及与现场专家的持续监督，培训和咨询。拟议的培训将在康奈尔大学威尔医学院的萨克勒学院进行。萨克勒（Sackler）拥有几种世界知名的认知发展性神经科学家，并且是使用神经影像技术完全致力于发展研究的少数设施之一。在以前的工作中，我们发现纹状体与简单的基于频率的学习有关，海马参与了关联学习。我们将测试以下假设：尽管这些形式的学习形式在开发的早期是完整的，但是当新信息违反学习信息时有效地维护信息并调整行为的能力会随着潜在的神经电路（例如额叶和额叶和额叶和额叶公寓电路）的组织而逐渐发展。在出现刺激和/或与其他刺激相关的频率下的统计操作将是主要的操作。婴儿，青少年和成年人的扫视潜伏期以及扫视潜伏期和反应时间都将被用作行为依赖性措施。在另一个会话中，功能磁共振成像（fMRI）和扩散张量成像（DTI）将与同一儿童，青少年和成年人一起使用，以评估大脑区域募集的变化以及这些区域之间的连通性作为学习和发展的函数。这些研究对出生的早产儿和非常低的出生体重（VLBW，<1500克）具有重要意义，他们在围产期非常容易受到微妙的纹状体和海马损伤，并且大约40％的人将患有一些学习障碍。通过跟踪跨典型发展的该电路的学习功能的变化，这些研究将为临床研究奠定基础，这些研究可以识别精确的学习破坏（特定于纹状体或海马电路）以及该早产和VLBW人群中的相关结果和学习障碍。 K01研究将提供一种手段，通过哪种方法可以限制对未来临床研究的数据的解释。