Immune Responses to Vibrio cholerae infection and vaccination in Haiti

海地霍乱弧菌感染和疫苗接种的免疫反应

• 批准号: 8554355
• 负责人: JASON B HARRIS
• 金额: $ 67.08万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-27 至 2017-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8554355
• 关键词: Adult; Africa South of the Sahara; Age; Area; Asia; B-Lymphocyte Epitopes; Bangladesh; Case Study; Child; Cholera; Cholera Vaccine; Clinical Research; Collaborations; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology); Data; Developed Countries; Disease; Disease Outbreaks; Effectiveness; Epidemic; Epidemiology; Frequencies; Funding; Future; Gender; General Hospitals; HIV; HIV Infections; Haiti; Health; Health care facility; High Prevalence; Hospitals; Humoral Immunities; Immune response; Immunoglobulin-Secreting Cells; Individual; Infection; Integration Host Factors; Intervention; Knowledge; Life; Low Prevalence; Massachusetts; Measures; Mediating; Memory B-Lymphocyte; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease; Neighborhoods; Oral; Organism; Patients; Pilot Projects; Population; Positioning Attribute; Predisposition; Protein Microchips; Public Health; Research; Role; Rural; Serological; Vaccinated; Vaccination; Vaccines; Vibrio cholerae; Vibrio cholerae O1; Woman; cohort; cost; experience; immunogenicity; international center; programs; public health relevance; response; treatment center; vaccine effectiveness; volunteer

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The ongoing epidemic of cholera in Haiti is one of the largest of the last decade and is representative of a growing burden of epidemic cholera. Remarkably little is known about immune responses to cholera and oral cholera vaccines in immunologically na¿ve populations, and in populations outside of historically cholera endemic areas of Asia. Of paramount importance, all decisions regarding the use of cholera vaccine have been made using immunogenicity and efficacy data generated in areas of the world where cholera has long been entrenched and where cholera vaccine may be boosting anamnestic immune responses in previously exposed individuals. Therefore, assessment of vaccine immunogenicity and effectiveness during the roll out of Shanchol in Haiti provides the unique opportunity to directly inform vaccine strategies. Almost nothing is known about the relationship between HIV and cholera, despite the fact that the largest number of cholera cases reported to WHO are now from Sub-Saharan Africa. Here, we propose to characterize immune responses to oral cholera vaccines and to V. cholerae infection in Haiti -- a previously immunologically na¿ve population with host and epidemiologic features that are reflective of populations experiencing cholera epidemics in recent years. We also directly assess the efficacy of the oral cholera vaccine, Shanchol, in Haiti, and evaluate the inter-relationship between HIV and V. cholerae infection and vaccination. Our collaborative team is deeply involved in the cholera vaccine roll-out in Haiti and is uniquely situated to perform the proposed studies.

描述（由适用提供）：海地霍乱的持续流行是过去十年中最大的霍乱之一，代表了流行病霍乱的日益增长。关于免疫学上的霍乱和口服霍乱疫苗的免疫调查以及在历史上亚洲霍乱霍乱境外的人群中，对霍乱和口服霍乱疫苗的免疫疫苗知之甚少。至关重要的是，所有关于使用霍乱疫苗的决定都是使用长期以来一直根深蒂固的世界地区产生的免疫原性和有效性数据做出的，并且霍乱疫苗可能会在先前暴露的个体中增强厌食的免疫反应。因此，对海地山丘的销售期间疫苗免疫原性和有效性的评估为直接通知疫苗策略提供了独特的机会。尽管事实是，霍伊夫与霍乱之间的关系几乎一无所知，尽管事实上，向现在来自撒哈拉以南非洲的霍乱病例数量最多。在这里，我们建议将免疫调查表征为口服霍乱疫苗和海地中的霍乱谷感染 - 以前具有免疫学的人群具有宿主和流行病学特征，这些特征反映了近年来经历霍乱事件的人群。我们还直接评估了海地口服霍乱疫苗，山琴的效率，并评估HIV和V.霍乱感染和疫苗之间的相互关系。我们的合作团队深入参与了海地的霍乱疫苗推出，并且在执行拟议的研究方面非常独特。