Nutrition & Exercise to Improve Protein Metabolism & Prevent Sarcopenia in Aging

营养

• 批准号: 8277275
• 负责人: Elena Volpi
• 金额: $ 36.91万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-08-01 至 2014-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8277275
• 关键词: Achievement; Acute; Address; Aerobic; Aerobic Exercise; Age; Aging; Amino Acids; Anabolism; Blood Vessels; Carbohydrates; Cessation of life; Chronic; Communities; Consumption; Data; Development; Dietary Intervention; Eating; Elderly; Energy Metabolism; Essential Amino Acids; Exercise; Food; Goals; Growth; Health Care Costs; Institutionalization; Insulin Resistance; Intervention; Leg; Measures; Metabolic; Methodology; Mitochondria; Muscle; Muscle Proteins; Muscle Weakness; Muscle function; Nutrient; Nutritional; Older Population; Outpatients; Performance; Perfusion; Physical activity; Play; Protein Biosynthesis; Protein-Energy Malnutrition; Relative (related person); Resistance; Risk; Role; Stimulus; Supplementation; Testing; Training; Translating; Ultrasonography; abstracting; age related; base; density; design; dietary supplements; disability; food consumption; frailty; improved; muscle form; muscle strength; nutrition; prevent; protein degradation; protein metabolism; response; sarcopenia; sedentary; stable isotope; success; trend

PROJECT DESCRIPTION / ABSTRACT Our general hypothesis is that nutritional factors and inactivity play significant roles in the development of sarcopenia. Thus, age-specific prolonged interventions including nutritional manipulations and/or exercise may help to reduce, stabilize, or even reverse the loss of muscle mass and strength with age. However, previous studies attempting to improve muscle mass in older subjects using nutritional supplementation had little success, due to a trend for elders to compensate for the energy delivered by nutritional supplements with reduced food intake. Therefore, effective nutritional supplements for the elderly should be more anabolic than the same amount of ordinary food, to limit the caloric content and maximize the anabolic efficiency (anabolic effect/energy delivered). Our preliminary data indicate that essential amino acids are the most efficient nutrients for the acute stimulation of muscle protein anabolism, and that long term utilization may also improve muscle mass in older subjects. Additionally, inactivity is another likely contributor to sarcopenia. Exercise increases not only muscle mass and strength, but also energy expenditure. Hence, exercise may improve the response of muscle to nutritional supplementation in older subjects via increased energy requirements and food consumption, thereby allowing for the achievement of true supplementation. Although resistance exercise is the most anabolic form of physical activity, compliance in the outpatient setting may be disappointing. Aerobic exercise is more appealing and easier to implement in the older population. Our preliminary data indicate that aerobic exercise acutely increases muscle protein synthesis, normalizes muscle perfusion, and reduces the age-related insulin resistance of muscle proteins. Thus, aerobic exercise may improve muscle protein metabolism, strength, function and even mass in older people, particularly when combined with nutritional interventions. We will test the following specific hypotheses in older sedentary subjects: 1. A highly efficient nutritional supplement will increase, with prolonged treatment, muscle mass and strength by stimulating net muscle protein synthesis. 2. Progressive aerobic training will increase muscle strength and function by stimulating muscle protein turnover and improving muscle perfusion and muscle quality. 3. The highly efficient nutritional supplementation combined with progressive aerobic training will increase muscle mass, strength, and function more than either intervention alone by additively stimulating net muscle protein synthesis, and improving muscle perfusion and muscle quality. Our goal is to establish if specific interventions that can acutely increase muscle protein synthesis can also effectively translate into increased muscle mass and performance in older sedentary people. PROJECT NARRATIVE Our general goal is to find simple and safe interventions to prevent and treat the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function in older persons. Muscle weakness with aging leads to frailty, disability and loss of independence, increasing the risk of institutionalization and death, and greatly increasing healthcare costs. Based on our preliminary data, we propose that prolonged nutritional supplementation with highly effective, age-specific supplements and/or endurance training will enhance muscle mass, strength and function in older persons by increasing muscle growth and quality.

项目描述/摘要 我们的一般假设是，营养因素和缺乏活动在儿童的发展中发挥着重要作用。 肌肉减少症。因此，针对特定年龄的长期干预措施，包括营养控制和/或锻炼，可能会 有助于减少、稳定甚至逆转肌肉质量和力量随年龄增长的损失。然而，之前的 试图通过营养补充剂来改善老年受试者肌肉质量的研究几乎没有什么进展 成功的原因是老年人倾向于用营养补充剂来补充能量 减少食物摄入量。因此，老年人有效的营养补充应以合成代谢为主 等量的普通食物，限制热量含量，最大化合成代谢效率（anabolic 传递的效果/能量）。 我们的初步数据表明，必需氨基酸是急性疾病最有效的营养素。 刺激肌肉蛋白质合成代谢，长期使用还可以改善老年人的肌肉质量 科目。此外，缺乏活动可能是导致肌肉减少症的另一个原因。运动不仅可以增加肌肉 质量和力量，还有能量消耗。因此，运动可以改善肌肉的反应 通过增加能量需求和食物消耗来补充老年受试者的营养，从而 从而达到真正的补充。虽然抗阻运动是合成代谢最强的形式 就体力活动而言，门诊环境中的依从性可能令人失望。有氧运动比较多 对老年人口有吸引力且更容易实施。我们的初步数据表明，有氧运动 急剧增加肌肉蛋白质合成，使肌肉灌注正常化，并减少与年龄相关的胰岛素 肌肉蛋白的抵抗力。因此，有氧运动可以改善肌肉蛋白质代谢、力量、 老年人的功能甚至体重，特别是与营养干预相结合时。 我们将在老年久坐受试者中测试以下具体假设： 1. 高效的营养补充品，经过长期治疗，会增加肌肉质量和 通过刺激净肌肉蛋白质合成来增强力量。 2.渐进式有氧训练将通过刺激肌肉蛋白质来增加肌肉力量和功能 周转并改善肌肉灌注和肌肉质量。 3.高效的营养补充结合渐进式有氧训练将增加 肌肉质量、力量和功能比单独通过附加刺激网络进行干预更有效 肌肉蛋白质合成，改善肌肉灌注和肌肉质量。 我们的目标是确定可以急剧增加肌肉蛋白质合成的特定干预措施是否也可以 有效地转化为老年人久坐人群的肌肉质量和表现的增加。项目叙述 我们的总体目标是找到简单且安全的干预措施来预防和治疗肌肉质量损失， 老年人的力量和功能。随着年龄的增长，肌肉无力会导致虚弱、残疾和丧失能力 独立性，增加了住院和死亡的风险，并大大增加了医疗费用。 根据我们的初步数据，我们建议长期高效的营养补充， 特定年龄的补充剂和/或耐力训练将增强老年人的肌肉质量、力量和功能 人通过增加肌肉生长和质量。