PAHs: New Technologies and Emerging Health Risks

PAH：新技术和新出现的健康风险

• 批准号: 7616347
• 负责人: David E Williams
• 金额: $ 303.57万
• 依托单位: OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-04-27 至 2013-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7616347
• 关键词: PAHs; New; Technologies; Emerging; Health

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), re-emerging environmental pollutants of concern, found at Superfund sites and urban settings, are formed in the burning of carbon-based energy sources, e.g., diesel, gasoline, coal, petroleum and in cooking or tobacco smoke. Increasing energy needs world-wide contribute to PAH production, resulting in human exposures. This new Superfund Basic Research Program brings together a multi-disciplinary team, from an academic institution and a National Laboratory, with years of experience in PAHs and environmental health issues. The investigators designed 6 Research Projects that are innovative and exciting, and that explore new mechanisms of PAHs and their impact on human health. The Projects focus on 1) PAHs in skin and transplacental cancer and prevention approaches; 2) the construction of the first PAH PBPK model using both mice and humans; 3) adverse effects on development in a versatile model (zebrafish); 4) the development of passive sampling devices, deployed at Superfund sites, testable in the zebrafish model; 5) the development of analytical methods for tracking another emerging potential health threat, nanomaterials, and 6) determining PAH composition and atmospheric deposition (in China, coal-fired energy plants and automobile use is exploding) and the effects of PAHs "aging" in transport to the U.S.; the focus will be on highly exposed populations (Chinese and Native Americans in the U.S.). The Research Support Cores are the Statistics and Bioinformatics Core, and the Analytical Chemistry Core, which provide a continuum critical to success in data storage, analysis and sharing, and use of PAH standards and analysis. Common use of the Cores by Projects ensures high reliability and consistency. Personnel in the Research Translation Core (RTC), directed by an M.D., M.P.H., have years of experience in public health and serve as a conduit between research and populations with exposure concerns. The Community Outreach Core, tied closely to the RTC, has experience with Tribal Communities concerned about PAH exposure, and the Core has developed creative venues for communication of scientific results with the general public. Finally, the administrative team has a long history of successful management of NIEHS multi-investigator grants and acquisition of strong institutional support. The innovative nature of these Projects, the high significance of PAHs, the tight integration, the shared resources and approaches, the demonstrated ability to distill scientific studies to impacted populations and the long history of successful administration provide this new SBRP with what we trust the reviewers will judge to be many exciting and important strengths with high innovation in the approaches taken. ADMINISTRATIVE CORE (Williams) Description (provided by applicant) The Administrative Core oversees all Superfund Basic Research Program (SBRP) activities. The principal investigator, Dr. Williams, is at Oregon State University (OSU); the co-principal investigator, Dr. Rick Corley, is at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). Core personnel have an extensive history of successfully administrating multi-investigator, multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional grants including NIEHS Centers, Training Grants and Program Projects. OSU is a leader in toxicology and environmental health research and one of only two land, sea, space and sun grant universities. Recently the College in which 8/11 Project or Core leaders reside, ranked first in citation impact (Science Watch). PNNL is one of ten National Laboratories funded by the DOE with 4200 staff members and $725 million dollars of funded grants and contracts. The SBRP investigators at PNNL reside in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory with state-of-the-art facilities for bioinformatics and biocomputing. A significant institutional commitment from the OSU Research Office includes $100,000 each year (a $25,000 increase over the original submission) to assist the Administrative Core. These funds allow for additional external advisors and cover expenses for two-way video and audio for meetings of OSU and PNNL personnel. An additional institutional commitment from the College assigns 60% of returned overhead to the principal investigator: $148,000 annually and $740,000 total. This money will be used to enhance the viability of the Program; for example the funding of pilot projects. The responsibilities of the Administrative Core can be summarized under 4 specific aims: 1) organize, conduct and evaluate meetings and other activities; 2) promote infrastructure and research enhancement; 3) conduct fiscal management; and, 4) communicate results to peers, stakeholders and the general public. A description of how these specific aims will be achieved is in the text that follows. In addition to the administrative team, with its history of working together on similar projects (crucial for specific aims 1-3), this SBRP has personnel with excellent credentials in communication to stakeholders and the general public. The investigators are confident that they have the right team to lead this effort, strong institutional support, and the right balance of structure and flexibility needed for the success of this SBRP proposal.

描述（由申请人提供） 多环芳烃 (PAH) 是重新出现的令人关注的环境污染物，在超级基金地点和城市环境中发现，是在碳基能源（例如柴油、汽油、煤炭、石油）的燃烧以及烹饪或烟草烟雾中形成的。全球范围内不断增长的能源需求会导致多环芳烃的产生，从而导致人类接触多环芳烃。这个新的超级基金基础研究项目汇集了来自学术机构和国家实验室的多学科团队，他们在多环芳烃和环境健康问题方面拥有多年的经验。研究人员设计了 6 个创新且令人兴奋的研究项目，探索多环芳烃的新机制及其对人类健康的影响。该项目重点关注 1) 皮肤癌和经胎盘癌中的多环芳烃及其预防方法； 2）利用小鼠和人类构建第一个PAH PBPK模型； 3）对多功能模型（斑马鱼）发育的不利影响； 4）开发被动采样装置，部署在超级基金站点，可在斑马鱼模型中进行测试； 5) 开发用于追踪另一种新兴潜在健康威胁——纳米材料的分析方法，以及 6) 确定多环芳烃成分和大气沉降（在中国，燃煤发电厂和汽车使用呈爆炸式增长）以及多环芳烃“老化”对环境的影响前往美国的运输；重点将放在高度暴露的人群（美国的华人和美洲原住民）上。研究支持核心是统计和生物信息学核心以及分析化学核心，它们提供了对数据存储、分析和共享以及多环芳烃标准和分析的成功至关重要的连续体。按项目共同使用核心可确保高可靠性和一致性。研究翻译核心 (RTC) 的人员由医学博士、公共卫生硕士领导，在公共卫生领域拥有多年经验，是研究与有暴露问题的人群之间的桥梁。与 RTC 密切相关的社区外展核心拥有关注多环芳烃暴露问题的部落社区的经验，并且该核心开发了与公众交流科学成果的创意场所。最后，管理团队在成功管理 NIEHS 多研究者资助和获得强有力的机构支持方面有着悠久的历史。这些项目的创新性、PAH 的高度重要性、紧密整合、共享资源和方法、为受影响人群提炼科学研究的能力以及成功管理的悠久历史，为新的 SBRP 提供了我们对审稿人的信任所采取的方法具有高度创新性，将被认为具有许多令人兴奋和重要的优势。 行政核心（威廉姆斯） 描述（由申请人提供） 行政核心负责监督所有超级基金基础研究计划 (SBRP) 活动。首席研究员 Williams 博士来自俄勒冈州立大学 (OSU)；联合首席研究员 Rick Corley 博士在太平洋西北国家实验室 (PNNL) 工作。核心人员拥有成功管理多研究者、多学科和多机构资助（包括 NIEHS 中心、培训资助和计划项目）的丰富经验。俄勒冈州立大学是毒理学和环境健康研究领域的领导者，也是仅有的两所陆地、海洋、太空和太阳资助大学之一。最近，8/11 项目或核心领导者所在的学院在引文影响力方面排名第一（《科学观察》）。 PNNL 是美国能源部资助的十个国家实验室之一，拥有 4200 名工作人员和 7.25 亿美元的资助赠款和合同。 PNNL 的 SBRP 研究人员居住在环境分子科学实验室，拥有最先进的生物信息学和生物计算设施。 OSU 研究办公室的重大机构承诺包括每年 100,000 美元（比最初提交的资金增加 25,000 美元）来协助行政核心。这些资金可用于聘请额外的外部顾问，并支付 OSU 和 PNNL 人员会议的双向视频和音频费用。学院的额外机构承诺将 60% 的返还管理费用分配给首席研究员：每年 148,000 美元，总计 740,000 美元。这笔资金将用于增强该计划的可行性；例如试点项目的资助。行政核心的职责可概括为 4 个具体目标： 1) 组织、开展和评估会议及其他活动； 2）促进基础设施和研究的加强； 3）进行财务管理； 4) 向同行、利益相关者和公众传达结果。下文将描述如何实现这些具体目标。除了具有在类似项目上合作的历史（对于具体目标 1-3 至关重要）的管理团队之外，该 SBRP 还拥有在与利益相关者和公众沟通方面具有出色资历的人员。研究人员相信，他们拥有领导这项工作的合适团队、强大的机构支持以及该 SBRP 提案成功所需的结构和灵活性的适当平衡。