Role of environmental conditioning in responses to alcohol in humans

环境调节在人类酒精反应中的作用

• 批准号: 8229547
• 负责人: EMMA CHILDS
• 金额: $ 22.43万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-02-15 至 2014-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8229547
• 关键词: Abstinence; Acute; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol dependence; Alcoholic beverage heavy drinker; Alcohols; American; Association Learning; Attention; Behavior; Behavior Control; Behavioral; Cognitive; Consumption; Cues; Data; Decision Making; Development; Double-Blind Method; Environment; Euphoria; Female; Glass; Heavy Drinking; Human; Individual; Laboratories; Measures; Modeling; Moods; Participant; Performance; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Physiological; Placebos; Procedures; Process; Questionnaires; Relapse; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Rewards; Role; Sedation procedure; Short-Term Memory; Societies; Staging; Techniques; Testing; alcohol effect; alcohol exposure; alcohol relapse; alcohol response; alcohol reward; cognitive control; conditioning; cost; craving; drinking; drug of abuse; effective therapy; experience; male; pre-clinical; problem drinker; response; therapy design

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Learned associations between alcohol and the places where drinking occurs (called contextual conditioning) are important at every stage of alcohol abuse and addiction. Contextual conditioning can trigger craving and relapse even after long periods of abstinence. It may also influence drinking by potentiating the subjectively rewarding effects of alcohol, and it may contribute to a loss of control over drinking by impairing the cognitive control of behavior in the alcohol conditioned environment. Thus, an understanding of the development and persistence of conditioning is essential to developing effective treatments for alcohol abuse. In our laboratory, we have developed a model to measure contextual drug associations in humans. Here, we will use the model to study how contextual associations with alcohol are established in healthy moderate drinkers, how they influence acute subjective responses to alcohol, and how they alter cognitive behaviors in the drug-taking environment. Aim 1 will assess conditioned liking of a place where participants consistently consumed alcohol, compared to placebo. Aim 2 will investigate how the acute subjective effects of alcohol are changed by consumption in a consistent environment. Aim 3 will assess working memory and response inhibition in a place paired with alcohol consumption relative to a place paired with placebo. Data from this study will provide a better understanding of how alcohol becomes associated with the places where it is consumed and the mechanisms by which contextual conditioning could influence drinking in the environment. This information can then be applied to design treatments aimed at breaking these associations or dampening their effects to reduce excessive drinking and relapse. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Drinkers form powerful associations with the places where they consume alcohol. These associations influence all stages of alcohol abuse and addiction and represent a unique target for treatment, but they have not been studied in detail in humans. This project will examine the formation of conditioned associations between alcohol and the context in which it is consumed in humans, and study their effects upon responses to alcohol and cognitive behavior.

描述（由申请人提供）：酒精与饮酒发生地点之间的已知关联（称为情境调节）在酒精滥用和成瘾的每个阶段都很重要。即使在长期禁欲之后，情境调节也会引发渴望和复发。它还可能通过增强酒精的主观奖励作用来影响饮酒，并且可能通过损害酒精调节环境中的行为认知控制而导致对饮酒的失控。因此，了解调节的发展和持续性对于开发酒精滥用的有效治疗方法至关重要。在我们的实验室中，我们开发了一个模型来测量人类的背景药物关联。在这里，我们将使用该模型来研究健康适度饮酒者如何建立与酒精的情境关联，它们如何影响对酒精的急性主观反应，以及它们如何改变吸毒环境中的认知行为。目标 1 将评估参与者与安慰剂相比对持续饮酒的地方的条件性喜好。目标 2 将研究在一致的环境中饮酒如何改变酒精的急性主观影响。目标 3 将评估与饮酒配对的地方相对于与安慰剂配对的地方的工作记忆和反应抑制。这项研究的数据将有助于更好地了解酒精如何与饮酒地点相关，以及环境条件影响饮酒的机制。然后可以将这些信息应用于设计治疗方法，旨在打破这些关联或抑制其影响，以减少过度饮酒和复发。 公共卫生相关性：饮酒者与他们饮酒的地方形成了强大的联系。这些关联影响酒精滥用和成瘾的所有阶段，并代表了独特的治疗目标，但尚未在人类身上进行详细研究。该项目将研究酒精与人类饮酒环境之间条件关联的形成，并研究它们对酒精反应和认知行为的影响。