Neuronal ensembles in the rodent visual cortex

啮齿动物视觉皮层的神经元群

基本信息

批准号：
8235723
负责人：
R CLAY REID
金额：
$ 42.25万
依托单位：
HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2007-12-01 至 2015-11-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8235723
关键词：
Address Alzheimer&apos s Disease Anesthesia procedures Area Arousal Autistic Disorder Axon Behavior Behavioral Brain Brain Diseases Calcium Cells Chronic Data Dependence Disease Progression Epilepsy Frequencies Functional disorder Genetic Goals Grant Hand Heterogeneity Image Individual Label Link Locomotion Longitudinal Studies Measures Mental disorders Mind Monitor Motion Motor Mus Neurons Optics Pathway interactions Physiological Physiology Population Primates Process Property Public Health Resolution Retina Retinal Rodent Role Running Sensory Side Signal Transduction Specificity Speed Staging Stimulus Stream Stroke System Techniques Testing Therapeutic Intervention V1 neuron Visual Visual Cortex Work area V1 area striata base cellular imaging experience extrastriate visual cortex mouse model nervous system disorder object recognition parallel processing receptive field relating to nervous system response tool two-photon visual information visual neuroscience visual process visual processing

Address Alzheimer&apos s Disease Anesthesia procedures Area Arousal Autistic Disorder Axon Behavior Behavioral Brain Brain Diseases Calcium Cells Chronic Data Dependence Disease Progression Epilepsy Frequencies Functional disorder Genetic Goals Grant Hand Heterogeneity Image Individual Label Link Locomotion Longitudinal Studies Measures Mental disorders Mind Monitor Motion Motor Mus Neurons Optics Pathway interactions Physiological Physiology Population Primates Process Property Public Health Resolution Retina Retinal Rodent Role Running Sensory Side Signal Transduction Specificity Speed Staging Stimulus Stream Stroke System Techniques Testing Therapeutic Intervention V1 neuron Visual Visual Cortex Work area V1 area striata base cellular imaging experience extrastriate visual cortex mouse model nervous system disorder object recognition parallel processing receptive field relating to nervous system response tool two-photon visual information visual neuroscience visual process visual processing

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项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): During sensory experience, the retina transmits a diverse array of visual information to the brain. Neurons along subcortical and cortical pathways must rapidly process the features necessary for navigating through the world. Our goal is to understand how the specificity of long-range cortical connectivity underlies the distribution of visual information to multiple cortical areas, and how these cortical areas subserve context- dependent sensory behaviors. A major hypothesis in visual neuroscience is that sensory information is segregated into parallel streams, in which subpopulations of neurons send axons to cortical areas that are specialized to process distinct visual features. Studies in carnivores and primates have developed this important hypothesis, but many aspects of it remain untested because the tools at hand could not satisfactorily address this question at a cellular level. Recent optical and genetic tools developed for the mouse promise to transform the study of visual cortical function, its relationship to underlying circuitry, and its role in behavior. Our current proposal will establish a mouse model for studying visual microcircuitry across multiple cortical areas and begin to describe rules of functional connectivity between them. We have found that the sensory responses of neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) of alert mice are tuned to a wide range of spatial and temporal frequencies. This suggests that there is a rich representation of visual experience at the first stage of visual cortical processing. Our preliminary data suggest that two higher visual areas encode reduced and complementary ranges of temporal and spatial frequencies, consistent with a functional organization based on parallel processing. In this grant, we propose to measure this divergence of receptive-fields properties between visual cortical areas (Aim 1), to determine the circuitry underlying this parallel organization (Aim 2), and to assess whether these pathways are differentially modulated by behavior (Aim 3). This work will provide the basis for linking area-specific computations to behaviors-- such as object recognition and navigation-- that rely on the processing of distinct visual features. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Many of the neurological and psychiatric diseases with the largest impact on public health-Alzheimer's disease, stroke, epilepsy, and autism-are functional disorders that likely have correlates in disordered brain physiology and connections. The proposed studies will characterize the physiology and connectivity of brain circuits with unprecedented resolution and completeness. The approaches we develop for chronic monitoring of individual neurons over weeks and months can be applied to mouse models of functional brain disorders, enabling longitudinal studies of disease progression and therapeutic interventions.

描述（由申请人提供）：在感官体验期间，视网膜将各种视觉信息传输到大脑。皮层和皮质途径沿线的神经元必须迅速处理在世界范围内导航所必需的特征。我们的目标是了解远程皮质连通性的特异性如何构成视觉信息向多个皮质区域的分布，以及这些皮质区域如何予以依赖于背景的感觉行为。视觉神经科学中的一个主要假设是，感觉信息被隔离为平行流，其中神经元的亚群将轴突发送到专门处理不同视觉特征的皮质区域。食肉动物和灵长类动物的研究已经提出了这一重要的假设，但是它的许多方面仍未测试，因为手头的工具无法在细胞水平上令人满意地解决这个问题。为小鼠开发的最新光学和遗传工具有望改变视觉皮质功能的研究，其与基础电路的关系及其在行为中的作用。我们当前的建议将建立一个小鼠模型，用于研究跨多个皮质区域的视觉微电路，并开始描述它们之间的功能连通性规则。我们发现，警报小鼠的主要视觉皮层（V1）中神经元的感觉反应被调整为各种空间和时间频率。这表明在视觉皮质处理的第一阶段，视觉体验具有丰富的代表。我们的初步数据表明，两个较高的视觉区域编码了时间和空间频率的减少和互补范围，这与基于并行处理的功能组织一致。在这笔赠款中，我们建议衡量视觉皮质区域（目标1）之间的接收场特性的这种差异，以确定该平行组织的基础电路（AIM 2），并评估这些途径是否通过行为进行了差异调节（AIM 3）。这项工作将为依赖于处理不同视觉特征的处理的行为（例如对象识别和导航）链接到行为（例如对象识别和导航）的基础。公共卫生相关性：许多对公共卫生 - 阿尔茨海默氏病，中风，癫痫和自闭症的功能障碍的神经和精神病疾病可能与脑生理和联系无关的功能障碍。拟议的研究将以前所未有的分辨率和完整性来表征大脑回路的生理和连通性。我们开发的用于在数周和几个月内长期监测单个神经元的方法可以应用于功能性脑疾病的小鼠模型，从而实现了疾病进展和治疗干预措施的纵向研究。