Mapping Individual Cognitive Differences to Neural Variance and School Readiness

将个体认知差异映射到神经差异和入学准备度

• 批准号: 8042334
• 负责人: TERRY L. JERNIGAN
• 金额: $ 64.01万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-28 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8042334
• 关键词: Mapping; Individual; Cognitive; Differences; Neural

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The early school age period is a time of significant developmental change in both cognitive abilities and neural systems. Yet little is known about how, specifically, these developmental processes that occur concurrently are linked to each other, or about the nature of critical interactions of biological factors with childhood experiences and environments. The proposed project takes a critical first step in addressing this problem by examining, in unprecedented detail, the development of basic cognitive processes and of the neural systems that mediate them during the child's transition to formal schooling. The design is a longitudinal study of 100 typically- developing children inducted at age 6 and assessed with behavioral measures and MRI annually on 5 occasions. The behavioral measures to be collected, of language, visuospatial processing, working memory, and cognitive control, have exhibited high sensitivity to developmental change over this age range. MR imaging of the children will involve recently developed, improved methods for image acquisition and computational modeling of the results. Diffusion parameters from specific brain fiber tracts as well as regional measures of cortical surface area and thickness will be measured. The focus of the study is on differences in the rate of fiber tract development from 6 to 10 years of age and links between this variability and the pace of cognitive development. Relationships between the neural parameters and early academic achievement will also be examined. The study is novel, not only because the imaging methods to be applied will produce more detailed information about the brains of children than is currently available, but also because of the conceptual focus of the project on the degree of concordance between trajectories of brain and behavioral development. The long-term significance of the study lies in its potential to guide us toward interventions that are more adaptive to individual differences and therefore promote positive outcomes in more children. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The research described in this application will use magnetic resonance imaging to determine how much healthy children differ from each other in the rate at which their brains develop biologically, particularly in the connecting fibers that transmit information within the brain, and how closely this mirrors the pace of their mental development. The aim of the research is to increase our understanding of differences among children so that we can use this knowledge to create more supportive environments for all children, and also to guide us toward interventions that may allow us to prevent some mental illnesses.

描述（由申请人提供）：学龄早期是认知能力和神经系统发生显着发展变化的时期。然而，具体来说，这些同时发生的发育过程是如何相互关联的，或者生物因素与童年经历和环境之间关键相互作用的本质，人们知之甚少。拟议的项目在解决这个问题上迈出了关键的第一步，以前所未有的细节检查了儿童在向正规学校过渡期间基本认知过程和调节这些过程的神经系统的发展。该设计是对 100 名 6 岁时发育正常的儿童进行的纵向研究，每年进行 5 次行为测量和 MRI 评估。所收集的语言、视觉空间处理、工作记忆和认知控制的行为测量显示出对该年龄范围内的发育变化的高度敏感性。儿童的磁共振成像将涉及最近开发的、改进的图像采集方法和结果的计算建模。将测量特定脑纤维束的扩散参数以及皮质表面积和厚度的区域测量。该研究的重点是 6 至 10 岁之间纤维束发育速率的差异以及这种变异性与认知发展速度之间的联系。还将检查神经参数与早期学业成绩之间的关系。这项研究是新颖的，不仅因为所应用的成像方法将产生比目前可用的更详细的有关儿童大脑的信息，而且因为该项目的概念重点是大脑轨迹与行为轨迹之间的一致性程度发展。这项研究的长期意义在于它有可能指导我们采取更适应个体差异的干预措施，从而促进更多儿童的积极结果。 公共健康相关性：本申请中描述的研究将使用磁共振成像来确定健康儿童在大脑生物发育速度方面的差异有多大，特别是在大脑内传输信息的连接纤维方面，以及差异程度如何这反映了他们心理发展的速度。这项研究的目的是增加我们对儿童之间差异的了解，以便我们能够利用这些知识为所有儿童创造更多支持性的环境，并指导我们采取干预措施，从而预防一些精神疾病。