Cortical Areas and Neural Connections Underlying Scene Processing

场景处理背后的皮质区域和神经连接

• 批准号: 8218513
• 负责人: ROGER B TOOTELL
• 金额: $ 52.97万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-06-05 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8218513
• 关键词: Agnosia; Animal Model; Anterior; Architecture; Area; Biological; Brain; Brain Injuries; Brain region; Categories; Cholera Toxin Protomer B; Code; Data; Dorsal; Environment; Face; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Gadolinium; Goals; Hippocampus (Brain); Homologous Gene; Human; Image; Label; Location; Macaca; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetism; Maps; Methods; Microelectrodes; Microinjections; Modeling; Monkeys; Names; Neurobiology; Neurologic; Neurons; Occipital Sulcus; Perception; Primates; Procedures; Process; Prosopagnosia; Relative (related person); Research; Rest; Sensory; Site; Stimulus; Stream; Surface; Syndrome; System; Techniques; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Tracer; Vision; Visual; Visual Cortex; Williams Syndrome; area V2; awake; base; design; developmental disease; electrical microstimulation; gadolinium oxide; human study; human subject; in vivo; insight; microstimulation; minimally invasive; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; nonhuman primate; novel; object motion; relating to nervous system; research study; retinotopic; visual process; visual processing; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In human subjects, neuroimaging and other techniques have revealed that different regions of visual cortex respond specifically to distinct types of visual stimuli. For instance, faces selectively activate one specific set of brain regions, and scenes activate a different set, including the areas named 'PPA,' 'TOS' and 'RSC'. Understanding the function and connections of the regions that respond to scenes in the environment will provide fundamental insights about the overall strategies used by normal subjects to navigate and to perceive visual scenes. Moreover, brain damage to each of these cortical centers has been implicated in numerous neurological syndromes, including prosopagnosia, navigation agnosia and Williams Syndrome. Because the techniques available to study human subjects cannot reveal all of the basic neural mechanisms underlying the function of this network, animal models provide an essential means to understand the neural basis of the environmental perception. One goal of this proposal is to provide such a model. Our first goal (Aim #1) is to demonstrate the existence of three scene-responsive areas by using functional magnetic imaging (fMRI) in non-human primates, then to compare the cortical maps quantitatively, to show that the scene-responsive regions correspond across humans and monkeys. Based on our preliminary data, we anticipate successful completion of this aim. This will enable the use of classical, minimally invasive techniques (e.g. neural tracers) to clarify the specific circuits of scene processing (Aim #2). Three MRI-based techniques (including novel methods) will be used to trace the neural connections between each of these three areas in primates. The use of multiple tracing techniques will furnish integrated information about the cortical connections, and validate each of the techniques in a common system. Aim #2 will also answer specific questions about the neural connections underlying neural scene processing: do these three areas connect with each other, and/or with the dorsal (the 'what') stream, and/or multi-synaptically to the hippocampus, in which 'place-coding' neurons are well-known? In Aim #3, we will use fMRI to track sensory-driven information (in Aims #1/2) to higher brain levels in primate cortex, which are driven during scene recognition tasks. In humans, an identical recognition task produced robust activity in the cortical patches distinct from those produced in a face recognition task. Our hypothesis is that fMRI activity will be produced in homologous cortical areas, when monkeys are performing an equivalent recognition task. Successful completion of all aims will use different MRI-based methods to demonstrate a scene- processing network in alert primates, ranging from sensory-driven to task-driven, and the connections between these areas. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed research will identify brain regions and connections that are involved in the processing of visual scenes. Such brain information is crucial in normal vision, and it is disturbed in multiple neurological syndromes and developmental disorders, including Williams syndrome and navigation agnosia.

描述（由申请人提供）：在人类受试者中，神经影像学和其他技术表明，视觉皮层的不同区域特别对不同类型的视觉刺激做出了反应。例如，面部有选择地激活一组特定的大脑区域，场景激活了一个不同的集合，包括名为“ PPA”，“ TOS”和“ RSC”的区域。了解响应环境场景的区域的功能和联系将提供有关正常受试者在导航和感知视觉场景的整体策略的基本见解。此外，对这些皮质中心中每个中心的脑损伤已与许多神经系统综合症有关，包括普通话，导航大诺斯和威廉姆斯综合征。由于可用于研究人类受试者的技术无法揭示该网络功能功能的所有基本神经机制，因此动物模型提供了一种理解环境感知的神经基础的重要手段。该建议的目标之一是提供这样的模型。 我们的第一个目标（AIM＃1）是通过在非人类灵长类动物中使用功能性磁成像（fMRI）来证明三个场景响应区域的存在，然后定量比较皮质图，以表明现场响应式区域对应于人类和猴子。根据我们的初步数据，我们预计该目标成功完成。 这将使能够使用经典的，微创的技术（例如神经示踪剂）来阐明场景处理的特定电路（AIM＃2）。将使用三种基于MRI的技术（包括新方法）来追踪灵长类动物中这三个区域中的每个领域之间的神经联系。多种跟踪技术的使用将提供有关皮质连接的集成信息，并验证通用系统中的每种技术。 AIM＃2还将回答有关神经场景处理基础神经连接的特定问题：这三个区域是否相互联系，和/或背侧（'What what'）流以及/或多突触与海马，其中“位置编码”神经元在其中众所周知？ 在AIM＃3中，我们将使用fMRI来跟踪感官驱动的信息（在AIMS＃1/2中）到灵长类化皮层中的大脑水平较高，这些信息是在场景识别任务中驱动的。在人类中，一项相同的识别任务在与面部识别任务中产生的斑块不同的皮质斑块中产生了强大的活动。我们的假设是，当猴子执行等效识别任务时，fMRI活性将在同源皮质区域产生。 成功完成所有目标将使用不同的基于MRI的方法来演示警报灵长类动物中的场景处理网络，从感觉驱动到任务驱动以及这些领域之间的连接。 公共卫生相关性：拟议的研究将确定视觉场景处理中涉及的大脑区域和连接。此类大脑信息在正常视力中至关重要，并且在包括威廉姆斯综合征和导航症在内的多种神经系统综合征和发育障碍中受到干扰。