Family Planning Programs and the Health and Fertility of US Women, 1960-1980

计划生育计划与美国妇女的健康和生育能力，1960-1980 年

• 批准号: 7752830
• 负责人: Martha Jane Bailey
• 金额: $ 7.07万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-12-22 至 2010-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7752830
• 关键词: Accounting; Achievement; Administrator; Affect; Archives; Award; Bangladesh; Birth; Censuses; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Cessation of life; Characteristics; Clinic; Communities; Counseling; Country; County; Crowding; Data; Data Set; Developing Countries; Education; Effectiveness; Evolution; Family Planning; Family Planning Programs; Family Sizes; Fertility; Fertility Rates; Funding; Grant; Health; Health Benefit; Heterogeneity; Hospitals; Income; Infant; Infant Health; Infant Mortality; Investments; Knowledge; Lead; Link; Literature; Location; Low Birth Weight Infant; Low income; Maternal Health; Measures; Methodology; Methods; Mothers; Names; Outcome; Parents; Policies; Policy Maker; Poverty; Pregnancy; Prevention; Principal Investigator; Printing; Program Evaluation; Provider; Public Health; Publications; Race; Randomized; Recording of previous events; Research; Research Personnel; Review Literature; Screening procedure; Services; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Social Sciences; Source; Testing; United States; United States Public Health Service; Variant; War; Woman; Women' s Health; base; falls; improved; interest; novel; preconditioning; preference; programs

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In 1999, the United States Center for Disease Control (CDC) named family planning as one of the top ten "Great Public Health Achievements" of the twentieth century. However, the lack of data and credible estimation strategies has limited social science knowledge about the benefits of these programs. Dramatic increases in federal investments in U.S. family planning programs under the War on Poverty (1964 to 1970) and Title X of the Public Health Service Act (1970-1980) presents an unrealized opportunity to evaluate the importance of these programs. This project will exploit discontinuities in federal family planning grants from 1964 to 1980 to create new estimates of these programs' impact on U.S. fertility and maternal and infant health. This project has four specific aims: (1) To compile, encode, link and disseminate the most comprehensive dataset on annual federal investments in family planning services from 1964 to 1980; fertility rates by race and county from 1950 to 1980; and maternal and infant health measures by race and county from 1950 to 1980; (2) To develop and test two alternative methodologies for estimating the benefits of family planning programs; (3) To quantify the impact of family planning programs on fertility and health outcomes; (4) To quantify the impact of family planning programs on disparities in fertility and health outcomes between racial groups, low-income and higher-income women, and between communities. Several additional features make this project particularly novel. First, a comprehensive summary of all (not just federally funded) family planning services in five program years allows an examination of federal crowd-out. Secondly, heterogeneity in the effectiveness service delivery can be analyzed by provider type, because the clinic censuses provide information on the location (hospital or elsewhere) and sector (nonprofit or public) of each program. Finally, the 1960s and 1970s in the U.S. are a particularly useful point of comparison for understanding the effectiveness of many of these programs today as well as in developing countries. By compiling, encoding and disseminating information on the U.S. during the 1960s and 1970s, this project will aid other researchers interested in these programs, fertility and maternal and infant health during this period.

描述（申请人提供）：1999年，美国疾病控制中心（CDC）将计划生育列为二十世纪十大“公共卫生成就”之一。然而，缺乏数据和可靠的估计策略限制了有关这些计划好处的社会科学知识。根据反贫困战争（1964 年至 1970 年）和《公共卫生服务法》第十条（1970 年至 1980 年），联邦政府对美国计划生育项目的投资大幅增加，为评估这些项目的重要性提供了一个尚未实现的机会。该项目将利用 1964 年至 1980 年联邦计划生育补助金的不连续性，对这些计划对美国生育率和母婴健康的影响进行新的估计。该项目有四个具体目标： (1) 编译、编码、链接和传播 1964 年至 1980 年间联邦每年对计划生育服务的投资的最全面的数据集； 1950 年至 1980 年按种族和县划分的生育率； 1950年至1980年按种族和县分列的孕产妇和婴儿健康指标； (2) 开发和测试两种替代方法来估计计划生育方案的效益； (3) 量化计划生育方案对生育和健康结果的影响； (4) 量化计划生育方案对种族群体、低收入和高收入妇女以及社区之间生育率和健康结果差异的影响。几个附加功能使该项目特别新颖。首先，对五个计划年内所有（不仅仅是联邦资助的）计划生育服务的全面总结可以对联邦挤出情况进行审查。其次，服务提供有效性的异质性可以按提供者类型进行分析，因为诊所普查提供了每个项目的位置（医院或其他地方）和部门（非营利或公共）的信息。最后，美国 20 世纪 60 年代和 1970 年代是一个特别有用的比较点，有助于了解当今以及发展中国家许多此类计划的有效性。通过汇编、编码和传播 20 世纪 60 年代和 1970 年代美国的信息，该项目将帮助对这一时期的这些项目、生育率和母婴健康感兴趣的其他研究人员。