Neuromuscular control of the mammalian tongue

哺乳动物舌头的神经肌肉控制

• 批准号: 7751905
• 负责人: Ralph Frank Fregosi
• 金额: $ 31.15万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-01-01 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7751905
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Agonist; Animals; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Breathing; Cells; Cephalic; Code; Cranial Nerves; Data; Deglutition; Electrophysiology (science); Face; Feedback; Fiber; Figs - dietary; Goals; Homeostasis; Human; Individual; Intercostal Muscles; Laboratories; Mammals; Mastication; Measurement; Measures; Mechanical ventilation; Mechanics; Mechanoreceptors; Methods; Modeling; Motor; Motor Neurons; Movement; Muscle; Neuraxis; Neurons; Obstructive Sleep Apnea; Output; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Phase; Physiological; Physiology; Population; Positioning Attribute; Property; Rattus; Recruitment Activity; Relative (related person); Research Personnel; Respiration; Respiratory Diaphragm; Respiratory Muscles; Respiratory System; Rodent; Shapes; Skeletal Muscle; Source; Specificity; Speech; Spinal; Structure; Synapses; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Tongue; Training; Variant; Work; base; central pattern generator; driving behavior; expiration; falls; human data; in vivo Model; insight; knowledge base; motor control; motor deficit; neuromuscular; pharynx muscle; pressure; receptor; relating to nervous system; research study; respiratory; treatment strategy

The tongue muscles participate in such diverse activities as breathing, swallowing, speech and mastication, and are thus critical for homeostasis. Fibers from eight different muscles insert into the mammaliantongue and control its movement, shape and stiffness, but the control of tongue muscle motor units has been largely ignored. Our goal is to explore how the central nervous system controls a patterned behavior (drive controlled by the respiratory central pattern generator, CPG) that involves multiple muscles acting on a single mechanical structure, by addressing the following issues: 1) motoneurons driving tongue protrudor and retractor muscles receive significant common synaptic input even though they have opposite mechanical actions on the tongue, suggesting that agonist-antagonist co-activation controlstongue stiffness; 2) respiratory-related input to tongue and "primary" inspiratory muscles (diaphragm, intercostals) is derived from independent sources; 3) Models predict that motor unit spike trains become more variable as synaptic input to the cell is increased. This can be tested by measuring the change in spike train variability when excitatory synaptic input is superimposed on the underlying input emanating from the respiratory CPG; 4} Motor units innervating tongue muscles with respiratory related activity fall into two functional populations; those that rate code when drive to the muscle increases, and those that do not. Wepropose that the firing rate of motor units that do not rate code saturates despite increases in synaptic input; and we will test this hypothesis; 5) Individual motor units within a muscle comprise at least four, task-specific sub- populations (inspiratory, expiratory, tonic and expiratory-inspiratory units), and the task specificity of a given unit depends on its contractile properties. Experiments will be done in anesthetized, spontaneously breathing adult rats. Techniques used include single motor unit electrophysiology, cross correlation analysis and the measurement of ventilatory output. The results of these experimentswill contribute to the knowledge base needed to develop treatment strategies for obstructive sleep apnea, swallowingdisorders, and oro-facial motor deficits.

舌肌参与呼吸、吞咽、言语和咀嚼等多种活动， 因此对于体内平衡至关重要。来自八种不同肌肉的纤维插入哺乳动物的舌头 并控制其运动、形状和硬度，但舌肌运动单位的控制已被 很大程度上被忽视了。我们的目标是探索中枢神经系统如何控制模式化行为（驱动力） 由呼吸中枢模式发生器（CPG）控制，涉及多个肌肉作用于 单一的机械结构，通过解决以下问题：1）运动神经元驱动舌头突出 和牵开肌接收显着的共同突触输入，即使它们具有相反的 对舌头的机械作用，表明激动剂-拮抗剂共同激活控制舌头 刚性; 2) 舌头和“主要”吸气肌（膈肌、肋间肌）的呼吸相关输入是 来自独立来源； 3) 模型预测运动单位尖峰序列变得更加可变，因为 细胞的突触输入增加。这可以通过测量尖峰序列变异性的变化来测试 当兴奋性突触输入叠加在来自呼吸系统的潜在输入上时 消费品； 4} 与呼吸相关的活动支配舌头肌肉的运动单位分为两种功能 人口；那些在肌肉驱动力增加时对代码进行评分的人，以及那些不这样做的人。我们建议 尽管突触输入增加，但不对代码进行评级的运动单元的放电率饱和；而我们 将检验这个假设； 5) 肌肉内的各个运动单位至少包含四个特定于任务的子单元 群体（吸气、呼气、强直和呼气-吸气单位）以及给定任务的特殊性 单位取决于其收缩特性。实验将在麻醉状态下自发进行 呼吸成年大鼠。使用的技术包括单运动单元电生理学、互相关 分析和测量通气量。这些实验的结果将有助于 制定阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停、吞咽障碍、 和口面部运动缺陷。