Social Inequality and Children's Mental Health

社会不平等与儿童心理健康

基本信息

批准号：
7690042
负责人：
AVSHALOM CASPI
金额：
$ 12.18万
依托单位：
DUKE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2009-08-15 至 2013-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7690042
关键词：
12 year old 2 year old Academy Accounting Achievement Address Adolescent Adopted Adult Adverse effects Affect Age Agriculture Alcohol or Other Drugs use American Anxiety Area Attention Behavioral Biological Biological Markers Biological Testing Birth Buffers Characteristics Charities Child Child Abuse and Neglect Child Development Child Mental Health Child health care Childhood Cognitive Collaborations Collection Communities Conduct Disorder Country Data Data Analyses Data Collection Data Set Developed Countries Developing Countries Development Disease Disease Attributes Domestic Violence Ecology Economic Conditions Economic Inflation Emotional England Environment Environmental Exposure Environmental Risk Factor Epidemiology Evaluation Event Exposure to Family Family Process Family Violence Fetal Development Food Future Genetic Goals Health Health Status Home environment Home visitation House Call Income Individual Inequality Inflammation Inflammatory International Intervention Joints Lead Life Life Cycle Stages Life Experience Life Stress Link Location Longitudinal Studies Low income Measures Mediating Mental Health Mental disorders Methods Molecular Genetics Monitor Neighborhoods Nutritional Outcome Parents Participant Pediatrics Perception Play Population Positioning Attribute Poverty Prevention Preventive Process Property Psyche structure Public Health Questionnaires Records Registries Relative (related person)Reporting Research Resources Risk Risk Factors Role Sampling Science Scientist Series Shapes Siblings Signal Transduction Skin Social Conditions Social Mobility Social status Socioeconomic Status Source Stratification Stress Structure Substance Use Disorder Surveys Symptoms System Testing Time Trust Twin Multiple Birth Twin Studies United Nations Variant Victimization Violence Visit Wales Work adolescent substance use base burden of illness child poverty cost effective depression deprivation design early adolescence early onset substance use empowered experience family influence family structure grasp health inequalities innovation longitudinal design meetings novel physical conditioning preference prevent psychosocial public health relevance social social inequality socioeconomics statistics theories

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The social gradient in children's mental health is well documented. What is less clear is how social inequalities influence children's development. We propose to examine this question at three levels of analysis. At the neighborhood level, we will assess ecometric properties of the local areas in which children reside and test whether neighborhood-level social processes, such as collective efficacy, mediate the effects of neighborhood poverty on children's mental health. At the family level, we will trace the effects of socioeconomic deprivation on proximal family processes (exposure to violence, food insecurity) and test how stressful early life events may become biologically embedded. At the individual level, we will use a genetically-informative longitudinal design to test the hypothesis that children's perceptions of their social position can help to explain why some children growing up in poverty do versus do not develop health problems. METHOD: We will conduct this research using data from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Study. E-Risk is a longitudinal study (from birth to age 12) of a nationally-representative sample of twins born in England and Wales in 1994-1995 (N=2232), selected from a registry created with the UK Office of National Statistics (ONS). We have tracked the children over the first 12 years of their lives, monitoring their development and their environmental exposures, including multiple forms of social inequality. We have gathered data about the children and their families at 6 time points (birth, ages 2, 5, 7, 10, and 12 years). We have also conducted two independent ecometric assessments of the neighborhoods in which the children are growing up, enabling us to study inequalities in children's lives at both the community and family level. INNOVATION AND SIGNIFICANCE: The proposed research has implications both for understanding and reducing health inequalities. At each level of analysis, we adopt a process approach to test how social inequalities influence children's development. At the neighborhood level, we will identify malleable factors for community-level interventions which may be more cost effective and pragmatic than individual-level interventions. At the family level, we will test the direct and indirect contributions of family socio-economic conditions to children's development and identify specific intervention targets for reducing social inequalities in children's mental health. At the individual level, if we discover environmentally-mediated effects between children's subjective social status and their health, the implications would point to children's perceptions of social status as malleable intervention targets and open up a realm of intervention possibilities for empowering children. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: About half of the population variation in children's mental health problems is accounted for by environmental factors, and social inequalities stand out as the most prominent determinants of health in the first decade of life. However, the hope of preventing early- emerging mental health problems requires research to identify the underlying mechanisms by which inequalities affect health. Our proposed research tests how social inequalities affect children's health, aiming to identify malleable intervention targets at the community, family, and individual levels.

描述（由申请人提供）：儿童心理健康的社会梯度已有充分记录。不太清楚的是社会不平等如何影响儿童的发展。我们建议从三个分析层面来研究这个问题。在社区层面，我们将评估儿童居住地区的经济特征，并测试社区层面的社会过程（例如集体效能）是否会调节社区贫困对儿童心理健康的影响。在家庭层面，我们将追踪社会经济剥夺对近亲家庭进程（遭受暴力、粮食不安全）的影响，并测试早期生活压力事件如何在生物学上嵌入。在个人层面，我们将使用具有遗传信息的纵向设计来检验以下假设：儿童对其社会地位的看法有助于解释为什么一些在贫困中长大的儿童会出现或不会出现健康问题。方法：我们将使用环境风险（E-风险）研究的数据进行这项研究。 E-Risk 是一项纵向研究（从出生到 12 岁），研究对象为 1994 年至 1995 年出生于英格兰和威尔士的具有全国代表性的双胞胎样本 (N=2232)，该样本选自英国国家统计局创建的登记册 (英国国家统计局）。我们追踪了这些孩子出生后的前 12 年，监测他们的发育和环境暴露情况，包括多种形式的社会不平等。我们收集了儿童及其家庭在 6 个时间点（出生、2、5、7、10 和 12 岁）的数据。我们还对儿童成长的社区进行了两次独立的经济计量评估，使我们能够研究社区和家庭层面儿童生活中的不平等现象。创新和意义：拟议的研究对于理解和减少健康不平等具有重要意义。在每个分析层面，我们都采用过程方法来测试社会不平等如何影响儿童的发展。在社区层面，我们将确定社区层面干预措施的可塑性因素，这可能比个人层面的干预措施更具成本效益和务实。在家庭层面，我们将检验家庭社会经济条件对儿童发展的直接和间接贡献，并确定减少儿童心理健康方面的社会不平等的具体干预目标。在个人层面上，如果我们发现儿童的主观社会地位与其健康之间存在环境介导的影响，其影响将表明儿童对社会地位的看法是可塑的干预目标，并为赋予儿童权力开辟了干预可能性的领域。公共卫生相关性：儿童心理健康问题的人口差异大约有一半是由环境因素造成的，而社会不平等是生命头十年健康最突出的决定因素。然而，要预防早期出现的心理健康问题，需要进行研究以确定不平等影响健康的根本机制。我们提出的研究测试了社会不平等如何影响儿童健康，旨在确定社区、家庭和个人层面的可塑性干预目标。