Evolutionary Behavioral Genomics of Drosophila Courtship

果蝇求爱的进化行为基因组学

• 批准号: 8298976
• 负责人: Thomas Lee Turner
• 金额: $ 28.79万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA BARBARA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-08-01 至 2016-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8298976
• 关键词: Address; Affect; African; Animal Communication; Animals; Austria; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Models; Collaborations; Collection; Courtship; DNA Resequencing; Data; Development; Drosophila genus; Drosophila melanogaster; Ecology; Environment; Evolution; Female; Foundations; Frequencies; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Drift; Genetic Models; Genetic Polymorphism; Genetic Variation; Genomics; Genotype; Goals; Hour; Human; Inbreeding; Investigation; Lead; Link; Maintenance; Male Genital Organs; Maps; Methods; Modeling; Molecular; Molecular Genetics; Nature; Neurobiology; Output; Phenotype; Physiologic pulse; Population; Population Genetics; Production; RNA Interference; Research; Resolution; Resources; Sample Size; Series; Staging; System; Systems Biology; Techniques; Time; Tissues; Transgenic Organisms; Translating; Validation; Variant; Wing; Work; base; behavioral genomics; biological systems; comparative; genetic analysis; genetic variant; genome sequencing; genome wide association study; genome-wide; innovation; insight; interest; male; neurogenetics; neuromuscular; novel strategies; simulation; tool; trait; vibration

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Genome-wide association studies hold the promise of comprehensive and systematic identification of the genetic basis of natural trait variation. By quantifying how genetic polymorphisms induce large, small, precise, general, or conditional effects on traits, we can unlock a vast reservoir of natural variation that will help us understand how biological systems function and evolve. However, good statistical power to identify variants with low population frequencies or modest effects requires sample sizes that are generally prohibitive. Here, we develop a new approach, "Evolve and Resequence" (E&R), that overcomes this barrier using the genetic model system Drosophila. We have re-purposed experimental evolution of D. melanogaster, which has been used for over 100 years to address fundamental questions in population genetics, and adapted it for use in genome-wide mapping. Together with high-throughput behavioral quantification and various statistical approaches, our technique will be used to build models of behavior based on genotype. The predictive power of these models will tell us a great deal about the nature of genetic information and the molecular systems that translate this information into behavioral output. The long-term goal of this research is to characterize the genetic and environmental influences that result in variation in courtship behavior, for both males and females, in multiple Drosophila species. This work begins with characterization of male courtship song production: during courtship, a Drosophila male extends a single wing and "twangs" this wing repeatedly to produce a wing vibration song consisting of a series of pulses. These traits are among the best characterized of Drosophila behaviors, both in D. melanogaster and across the genus, and they are currently the focus of intensive efforts in neurobiology and molecular genetics. As such, these traits serve as a model system for studying the genetic basis of behavior in animals. Specifically, this proposal aims to 1) locate and characterize the genetic variants affecting courtship song in D. melanogaster, 2) do the same for the closely related D. simulans, to compare and contrast results from multiple species, and 3) begin molecular genetic investigation of the genes and gene systems discovered in aims 1 and 2.

描述（由申请人提供）：全基因组关联研究具有对自然性状变化遗传基础的全面和系统鉴定的希望。通过量化遗传多态性如何引起对性状的大型，小，精确，一般或条件影响，我们可以解锁大量自然变异的储层，这将有助于我们了解生物系统的功能和发展。但是，识别低种群频率或适度效应的变体的良好统计能力需要通常过于刺激的样本大小。在这里，我们开发了一种新的方法，即“进化和重新设备”（E＆R），该方法使用遗传模型系统果蝇克服了这种障碍。我们已经重新使用了D. melanogaster的实验进化，该演化已有100多年的历史来解决人口遗传学的基本问题，并将其调整为用于全基因组映射。加上高通量行为量化和各种统计方法，我们的技术将用于基于基因型的行为模型。这些模型的预测能力将为我们提供有关遗传信息的性质和将这些信息转化为行为输出的分子系统的大量信息。 这项研究的长期目标是表征多种果蝇物种中男性和女性的遗传和环境影响，导致求爱行为的变化。这项工作始于男性求爱歌曲制作的特征：在求爱期间，果蝇男性延伸了单翼和“ twangs”该机翼，反复产生一首由一系列脉冲组成的机翼振动歌曲。这些特征是果蝇行为的最佳特征之一，无论是在黑麦那哥氏菌还是整个属中，它们目前都是神经生物学和分子遗传学方面的强化努力的重点。因此，这些特征是研究动物行为遗传基础的模型系统。具体而言，该提议的目的是1）定位和表征影响D. Melanogaster中影响求爱歌曲的遗传变异，2）对密切相关的D. Simulans进行相同的操作，以比较和对比多种物种的结果，3）开始对目标1和2中发现的基因和基因进行分子遗传研究。