International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists (IWOP-12, 13 and 14)

机会原生生物国际研讨会（IWOP-12、13和14）

• 批准号: 8408859
• 负责人: Louis M. Weiss
• 金额: $ 0.56万
• 依托单位: ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-07-01 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8408859
• 关键词: AIDS/HIV problem; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Admission activity; Advertisements; Agriculture; Amoeba genus; Animal Model; Animals; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Area; Biochemistry; Biodiversity; Biology; Categories; Cause of Death; Chronic; Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease; Collaborations; Communities; Comorbidity; Consensus; Cryptosporidium; Culture Techniques; Data; Developed Countries; Diagnostic; Diarrhea; Disease; Disease Outbreaks; Educational workshop; Encephalitis; Environment; Epidemic; Epidemiology; Extinction (Psychology); Failure; Fertilization; Food; Fostering; Frequencies; Funding; Gap Junctions; Genotype; Grant; HIV; Healthcare; Heating; Human; Immune; Immune system; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Immunology; Individual; Infant Mortality; Infection; Information Dissemination; International; Laboratories; Leishmania; Life; Mastigophora; Microsporidia; Molecular Genetics; Natural History; Nomenclature; Ohio; Opportunistic Infections; Organism; Paper; Parasites; Parasitology; Participant; Pathogenesis; Pathology; Patients; Pharmacologic Substance; Pneumocystis; Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia; Pneumonia; Polymerase Gene; Population; Production; Publications; RNA Editing; Rare Diseases; Research; Research Personnel; Research Priority; Research Support; Resources; Schedule; Scientist; Series; Spain; Students; System; Techniques; Technology; Therapeutic immunosuppression; Time; Toxoplasma; Toxoplasma gondii; Transplantation; Travel; Trypanosoma cruzi; United States; United States Environmental Protection Agency; United States National Institutes of Health; Water; Work; axenic culture; base; biodefense; density; drug development; experience; genome sequencing; insight; interest; meetings; microbial; mortality; neglect; pathogen; programs; public health relevance; success; transmission process; urban area

Description (as provided by the applicant): This proposed R13 application covers the next series of meetings of the International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists (i.e. IWOP-12, IWOP-13 and IWOP-14). This meeting is devoted to protists that cause serious problems in patients with defective immune systems, such as those receiving immunosuppressive therapies or with immune system debilitating diseases, such as AIDS. Many of these poorly understood pathogens were initially recognized due to their increased frequency in opportunistic settings, such as in HIV/AIDS and transplantation; however, it is now appreciated that these are also pathogens of immune competent hosts. Several of these organisms, due to their transmission by food and water, are also biodefense category B pathogens and environmental protection agency (EPA) pathogens of interest. The IWOP meeting was initiated in 1988 to serve the small, but growing international scientific community interested in working with the unusual, non-cultivatable organism Pneumocystis. At the time, Pneumocystis was relatively unknown and was ignored by many in the microbiological community. There was a need for a small meeting where scientists could exchange new techniques and experiences gained from working with these 'difficult' organisms. A basic tenet of the IWOP Workshops is a free exchange of information facilitated by open admission to the meeting. The second through eleventh IWOP meetings grew to include other opportunistic organism-based community groups that experience many of the research challenges facing the Pneumocystis community. The IWOP meetings now include research presentations on Cryptosporidia; Microsporidia; Toxoplasma gondii; and free-living amebae that are pathogenic. In recent years, IWOP has also begun serving as a forum for researchers of kinetoplastid flagellates and other eukaryotic microbial parasites that are caused by different genotypes or present pathologies in immune deficient individuals distinct from that observed in immune competent patients. Today, the IWOP meeting is regarded as the most important meeting for most researchers of Pneumocystis, Cryptosporidia, and Microsporidia. It is the meeting at which community based projects (e.g. genome sequencing, animal models, culture techniques, etc.) and consensus papers (i.e. taxonomic status, research priorities, and nomenclature standards) have been developed. It is a critical meeting for these research communities focused on this difficult pathogenic protists. Because many of these organisms are not well represented in larger fungal or parasitology meetings, research progress would clearly be severely hampered if this important forum was no longer held. IWOP-12 is scheduled for August 2012 in Tarrytown, NY, IWOP-13 for August 2014 in Seville, Spain; and IWOP-14 for July 2016 in Cincinnati, Ohio. Public Health Relevance: The International Workshops on Opportunistic Protists (IWOP) is a series of meetings devoted to infections (termed opportunistic infections) that cause serious problems in AIDS patients and other individuals with defective immune systems. The 1st meeting in 1988 was initiated to serve the international scientific community interested in working with the unusual, non-cultivable organism Pneumocystis, which causes pneumonia and is the direct cause of death in many AIDS patients. At the time, Pneumocystis was relatively unknown and was ignored by many in the microbiological community. There was a need for a small meeting where scientists could exchange new techniques and experiences gained from working with these organisms that are difficult to work with in the laboratory. A basic tenet of IWOP is the free exchange of information facilitated by open admission to the meeting. The 2nd through 11th Workshops grew to include other opportunistic organism-based scientific communities that experience many of the same research challenges facing the Pneumocystis community. IWOP now includes research presentations on Cryptosporidium; the Microsporidia, both causing AIDS associated chronic diarrhea; Toxoplasma gondii, which can cause encephalitis in AIDS patients; and the free-living amebae which cause encephalitis in immune deficient people. In recent years, IWOP has begun serving as a forum for researchers of other neglected pathogens in AIDS patients including the kinetoplastid flagellates Leishmania and Trypanosoma cruzi. IWOP has evolved into a crucial forum for the dissemination of information on diverse and often neglected eukaryotic microbial parasites presenting altered disease profiles in immune compromised patients and other animals. IWOP is regarded as the most important meeting for researchers working on Pneumocystis, Cryptosporidium, and the Microsporidia. Although the opportunistic protists are difficult to study significant advances have resulted from the scientific interactions facilitated by the bi-annual IWOP meetings.

描述（申请人提供）：该拟议的R13申请涵盖了国际机会主义生物学家研讨会的下一系列会议（即IWOP-12，IWOP-13，IWOP-13和IWOP-14）。这次会议专门针对有缺陷的免疫系统患者，例如接受免疫抑制疗法的患者或免疫系统使人衰弱的疾病（例如艾滋病）的生物。这些知识较低的病原体中的许多人最初被识别，因为它们在机会主义环境中的频率增加，例如在艾滋病毒/艾滋病和移植中。但是，现在认为，这些也是免疫胜任宿主的病原体。这些生物中有几种由于食物和水的传播，也是Biodefense B病原体和环境保护局（EPA）感兴趣的病原体。 IWOP会议于1988年启动，以服务于有兴趣与不寻常的，不可培养的有机体肺炎刺激的小型但不断增长的国际科学界服务。当时，肺结刺相对较未知，并且在微生物学界被许多人忽略。需要进行一次小型会议，科学家可以通过使用这些“困难”生物而获得的新技术和经验。 IWOP研讨会的基本宗旨是通过公开录取会议促进的信息交换。第二次到第十一IWOP会议越来越多，包括其他基于机会的有机体社区团体，这些社区群体经历了许多研究挑战肺囊虫社区面临的挑战。 IWOP会议现在包括有关隐孢子虫的研究演讲；微孢子虫；弓形虫Gondii;和致病性的自由活动。近年来，IWOP还开始为动作塑料鞭毛的研究人员和其他由不同基因型或当前病理学引起的与免疫胜任患者观察到的不同基因型或当前病理学引起的病理学作用。今天，IWOP会议被认为是大多数肺炎胸膜，隐孢子虫和微孢子虫研究人员最重要的会议。已经开发了基于社区的项目（例如基因组测序，动物模型，文化技术等）和共识论文（即分类状态，研究优先级和命名法标准）的会议。对于这些研究社区而言，这是一个关键的会议，专注于这种困难的致病生物。由于这些生物中的许多人在更大的真菌或寄生学会议上没有很好地代表，因此，如果不再举行这个重要论坛，研究进度显然会受到严重阻碍。 IWOP-12计划于2012年8月在纽约州塔里敦市，2014年8月在西班牙塞维利亚举行。 2016年7月在俄亥俄州辛辛那提举行的IWOP-14。 公共卫生相关性：有关机会生物学家的国际研讨会（IWOP）是一系列致力于感染（称为机会性感染）的会议，这些会议在艾滋病患者和其他有缺陷的免疫系统中引起严重问题。 1988年的第一次会议旨在为有兴趣与不寻常的，不可培养的有机体肺炎囊体合作的国际科学界提供服务，该生物会引起肺炎，这是许多艾滋病患者的直接死亡原因。当时，肺结刺相对较未知，并且在微生物学界被许多人忽略。有必要进行一次小型会议，科学家可以通过与在实验室中难以合作的生物合作而获得的新技术和经验。 IWOP的基本宗旨是通过公开录取会议提供的免费信息交换。第二到第11个研讨会的发展趋势包括其他基于机会的有机体的科学社区，这些社区经历了许多相同的研究挑战，遭到了肺炎植物群体面临的挑战。 IWOP现在包括有关隐孢子虫的研究演讲；微孢子虫，都引起艾滋病相关的慢性腹泻。弓形虫弓形虫，可能导致艾滋病患者脑炎；以及在免疫缺陷的人中引起脑炎的自由活动。近年来，IWOP已开始为其他被忽视的病原体的研究人员提供论坛，包括艾滋病患者，包括动型鞭毛鞭毛利什曼尼亚和克鲁氏锥虫。 IWOP已演变成一个关键论坛，用于传播有关多种多样的真核微生物寄生虫的信息，这些信息在免疫受损的患者和其他动物中呈现出改变的疾病特征的改变。 IWOP被认为是针对从事肺炎胸膜，隐孢子虫和微孢子虫的研究人员的最重要会议。尽管机会主义者很难研究重大进展 是由双年IWOP会议促进的科学互动所产生的。