Neural Basis of Gestural Communication: Evidence from Sign Language

手势交流的神经基础：来自手语的证据

• 批准号: 8238225
• 负责人: URSULA BELLUGI
• 金额: $ 42.12万
• 依托单位: SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-12-08 至 2016-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8238225
• 关键词: Affect; Animal Model; Aphasia; Apraxias; Attention; Autistic Disorder; Behavioral; Brain Injuries; Cereals; Clinical; Cognitive; Cognitive deficits; Communication; Communications Media; Comprehension; Data; Databases; Disease; Dorsal; Enrollment; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Gestures; Hearing Impaired Persons; Human; Investigation; Language; Lesion; Linguistics; Manuals; Maps; Modeling; Motor; Participant; Patients; Perception; Process; Production; Research; Sensory; Sign Language; Social Interaction; Social Perception; Speech; Stream; Symptoms; Syndrome; System; Testing; Visual; Work; base; cognitive function; developmental disease; mirror neuron; models and simulation; programs; relating to nervous system; research study; simulation; social; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall aim of this project is to map the. The neural basis of gesture processing has received a great deal of attention in the last several years, particularly in connection with the mirror neuron theory of action understanding. This theory states that gestures are understood via motor simulation in the observer. Sign language provides a unique perspective on this issue given its extremely rich gestural system, its easy accessibility (as opposed to speech gestures which are largely obscured from view), and the opportunity to compare linguistic and non-linguistic forms of gestural processing. Sign language bridges the gap between the visuo-manual studies in animal models where mirror neurons were discovered and human language, where there is a tremendous concentration of research on the "mirror system". There is substantial clinical importance as well, as the mirror system has been implicated in a range of acquired and developmental disorders ranging from apraxia and aphasia to autism. If therapies are being developed based on a motor simulation model of understanding, it is critical to have information regarding the validity of these claims. Sign language provides an ideal testing ground. In terms of theory, a dorsal-ventral model of gestural processing guides our investigations. Thus, the proposed project builds on a decades-long program of investigation into the neural basis of sign language and has four specific aims. Aim 1: Map of basic language functions in deaf signers using large-scale lesion-deficit mapping. Aim 2: Map the relation between perception and production of meaningless gestures using lesion and fMRI approaches. Aim 3: Map the relation between recognition and production of meaningful action and object-related gestures using lesion and fMRI approaches. Aim 4: Map the relation between recognition and production of pantomime vs. signed gestures using lesion and fMRI approaches. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Communicative gestures, both linguistic and nonlinguistic, pervade human social interaction Disorders affecting the ability to generate or understand communicative gestures in the form of aphasias, apraxias, or syndromes affecting social perception, can have devastating personal and social consequences. For this reason, it is a priority to understand the neural basis of gestural communication and how these forms interact at the neural level.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的总体目的是映射。在过去的几年中，手势处理的神经基础受到了广泛关注，特别是与镜像神经元的动作理论有关。该理论指出，通过观察者中的运动模拟可以理解手势。鉴于其极为丰富的手势系统，易于访问性（与很大程度上从视图中掩盖的语音手势相反）以及比较语言和非语言形式的手势处理形式的机会，手语对此问题提供了独特的观点。手语在动物模型中发现了镜像神经元与人类语言的动物模型中的视觉人工研究之间的差距，那里有关于“镜像系统”的大量研究。由于镜像系统已经与从失调和失语症到自闭症的一系列获得的发育障碍有关，因此具有重要的临床意义。如果根据理解的运动模拟模型开发疗法，那么拥有有关这些主张的有效性的信息至关重要。手语提供理想的测试场。就理论而言，手势加工的背腹模型指导了我们的研究。因此，拟议的项目建立在数十年的调查计划中，以对手语的神经基础，并具有四个具体的目标。 AIM 1：使用大规模病变映射的聋人签名者中基本语言功能的地图。目标2：使用病变和fMRI方法的感知和产生毫无意义的手势之间的关系。 AIM 3：使用病变和fMRI方法绘制有意义的动作和与对象相关的手势之间的识别与生产之间的关系。 AIM 4：使用病变和fMRI方法绘制哑剧与签名手势的识别与产生之间的关系。 公共卫生相关性：语言和非语言性的沟通手势都遍及人类的社会互动障碍，影响了产生或理解影响社会感知的失语症，失常或综合症的形式产生或理解交流手势的能力，可能会损害个人和社会后果。因此，理解手势交流的神经基础以及这些形式如何在神经层面相互作用是当务之急。