Temporal dynamics and neural mechanisms of preference reversal

偏好逆转的时间动力学和神经机制

• 批准号: 8264224
• 负责人: Joseph T. McGuire
• 金额: $ 4.92万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-02-04 至 2014-02-03
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8264224
• 关键词: AODD relapse; Adopted; Affect; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Assay; Brain; Brain region; Calibration; Cognitive; Commit; Complement; Criminal Justice; Data; Decision Making; Diet; Economic Models; Environment; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Goals; Health; Human; Impairment; Impulsivity; Indium; Individual; Individual Differences; Investigation; Knowledge; Lateral; Lesion; Modeling; Neuropsychology; Outcome; Participant; Pathology; Patients; Pattern; Performance; Perfusion; Persons; Policies; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Recovery; Recruitment Activity; Research; Resources; Retirement; Rewards; Running; Savings; Series; Signal Transduction; Substance abuse problem; Testing; Time; Time Perception; Uncertainty; Work; addiction; base; discount; expectation; experience; health economics; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; neuropsychological; novel; novel strategies; preference; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; response; sobriety; statistics; success; willingness

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project examines the cognitive and neural basis of impulsive preference reversal. Human decision-makers sometimes abandon long run outcomes without achieving them. This tendency signals impulsivity, and is an obstacle to the fulfillment of goals involving scholastic success, retirement savings, and recovery from addiction. This work focuses on the distinction between situations where high persistence is warranted and situations where it is beneficial to be less patient. The first aim is to develop a behavioral task to test an individual's ability to adjust his or her level of persistence (upward or downward) to fit the requirements of a situation. Results will be used to inform a model of the underlying cognitive mechanisms. The second aim is to study the neural basis of these adjustments in persistence. Past evidence implicates the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in related functions of value representation, impulsivity, and time perception. Functional magnetic resonance imaging will be used to assess neural engagement while participants perform the same simple task under conditions that either require high persistence or require frequent reversals. In addition, neuropsychological patients with frontal brain lesions will be tested behaviorally; observed patterns of deficit will be informative regarding the computational functions of the affected neural regions. This research will provide a better understanding of the cognitive and neural mechanisms through which people establish an appropriate level of persistence to achieve their long run goals. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This research examines the neural basis of impulsivity and preference reversal. It is relevant to understanding why individuals show impulsivity (versus perseverance) in such contexts as substance abuse, scholastic performance, and economic and health-related decision-making.

描述（由申请人提供）：本项目研究了冲动偏好逆转的认知和神经基础。人类决策者有时会放弃长期的结果，而无需实现。这种趋势信号是冲动性的，是实现目标成功，退休储蓄和从成瘾中恢复的目标的障碍。这项工作的重点是在有必要的高持久性和耐心较低的情况下有益的情况之间的区别。第一个目的是制定行为任务，以测试个人调整其持久程度（向上或向下）以适应情况要求的能力。结果将用于告知基本认知机制的模型。第二个目的是研究这些调整的神经基础。过去的证据暗示着腹侧前额叶皮层在价值表示，冲动和时间感知的相关功能中。功能磁共振成像将用于评估神经参与，而参与者在需要高持久性或需要频繁逆转的条件下执行相同的简单任务。此外，将在行为上测试具有额叶脑损伤的神经心理学患者。观察到的赤字模式将使受影响的神经区域的计算功能有用。这项研究将更好地理解人们建立适当水平的认知和神经机制，以实现其长期目标。 公共卫生相关性：本研究研究了冲动性和偏好逆转的神经基础。这与理解为什么个人在滥用药物，学业表现以及与经济和健康相关的决策等环境中表现出冲动性（与毅力）有关。