Impulsivity and Stimulant Drug Reward

冲动和兴奋剂药物奖励

基本信息

批准号：
8316771
负责人：
Jessica J Weafer
金额：
$ 4.98万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2012-07-30 至 2014-07-29
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project is designed to investigate associations between impulsivity and sensitivity to drug reward. Impulsivity and sensitivity to the rewarding effects of drugs are two known risk factors for drug abuse. Impulsivity is thought to have a causal role in the onset of abuse. It is a multi-faceted construct comprised of impulsive action (difficulty controlling behavior); impulsive choice (difficulty delaying gratification); impulsive attention (difficulty focusing on the task at hand); and impulsive personality (predisposition to rash action). Sensitivity to reward is also thought to influence susceptibility to use drugs, although arguments have been made that risk is related to both higher than average or lower than average sensitivity to reward. The relationship between impulsivity and reward sensitivity is poorly understood. The two constructs may independently contribute to risk for drug abuse, or they could be related to each other. There is some evidence that high impulsivity is related to low reward sensitivity, especially sensitivity to the rewarding effects of drugs. Additionally, thee is neurobiological evidence linking both impulsivity and drug reward to dopamine activity, further suggesting that the two might be related. The aim of the current proposal is to examine sensitivity to the subjective rewarding effects of the stimulant drugs amphetamine (0-20 mg), MDMA (0-1.5 mg/kg), and caffeine (0-200 mg) in individuals high and low on each of the sub-components of impulsivity. It is hypothesized that highly impulsive individuals will exhibit a dampened subjective response compared to non-impulsive individuals. Additionally, the proposal will test if this dampened response to reward is also observable in response to sweet taste liking, a measure of non-drug reward, or if it is specific to drugs of abuse. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This project will examine relations between impulsivity and sensitivity to reward. It will examine the hypothesis that highly impulsive individuals are less sensitive to reward, especially to the rewarding subjective effects of drugs of abuse. These factors, alone or together, are believed to influence the risk for drug abuse, and the knowledge gained may help to prevent drug abuse. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This project will examine relations between impulsivity and sensitivity to reward. It will examine the hypothesis that highly impulsive individuals are less sensitive to reward, especially to the rewarding subjective effects of drugs of abuse. These factors, alone or together, are believed to influence the risk for drug abuse, and the knowledge gained may help to prevent drug abuse.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目旨在调查冲动性与对药物奖励的敏感性之间的关联。冲动性和对药物奖励作用的敏感性是药物滥用的两个已知危险因素。冲动被认为在虐待的开始中起着因果作用。它是一种多面构造，包括冲动行动（难以控制行为）；冲动的选择（难以延迟满足）；冲动的关注（很难专注于手头的任务）；和冲动性格（易于轻率行动）。人们对奖励的敏感性也被认为会影响使用药物的敏感性，尽管已经提出了风险与平均水平高于平均水平或高于平均奖励敏感性有关的敏感性。冲动性与奖励灵敏度之间的关系知之甚少。这两种结构可能会独立造成滥用毒品的风险，或者它们可能彼此相关。有证据表明，高冲动性与低奖励灵敏度有关，尤其是对药物奖励作用的敏感性。此外，您是神经生物学证据，将冲动性和药物奖励与多巴胺活性联系起来，进一步表明两者可能是相关的。当前建议的目的是检查兴奋性药物苯丙胺（0-20 mg），MDMA（0-1.5 mg/kg）和咖啡因（0-200 mg）对脉冲的每个子组件的敏感性。假设高度冲动的个体将表现出与非冲动性个体相比的主观反应。此外，该提案将测试是否还可以观察到这种对奖励的反应是否也可以响应甜味喜欢，非毒品奖励的度量，或者是特定于滥用药物的。公共卫生相关性：该项目将研究冲动性与奖励敏感性之间的关系。它将研究以下假设：高度冲动的个体对奖励不太敏感，尤其是对滥用药物的主观影响。据信，这些因素单独或在一起会影响滥用药物的风险，而获得的知识可能有助于防止药物滥用。公共卫生相关性：该项目将研究冲动性与奖励敏感性之间的关系。它将研究以下假设：高度冲动的个体对奖励不太敏感，尤其是对滥用药物的主观影响。据信，这些因素单独或在一起会影响滥用药物的风险，而获得的知识可能有助于防止药物滥用。