Neurophysiological Studies of Visual Perception in Schizophrenia

精神分裂症视觉感知的神经生理学研究

• 批准号: 8329115
• 负责人: KEVIN M SPENCER
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: VA BOSTON HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-07-01 至 2016-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8329115
• 关键词: Accounting; Affect; Animals; Area; Binding; Biological Markers; Brain; Characteristics; Cognitive; Complement; Cues; Decision Making; Detection; Disease; Electroencephalogram; Evolution; Expectancy; Failure; Family; Frequencies; General Population; Goals; Health Care Costs; High Frequency Oscillation; Human; Impairment; Individual; Judgment; Lead; Link; Maps; Measures; Mediating; Mentally Ill Persons; Mind; Modeling; Motion; Motor Cortex; Neurons; Patients; Pattern; Perception; Phase; Play; Process; Psyche structure; Psychotic Disorders; Reading; Reporting; Response to stimulus physiology; Role; Scalp structure; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Shapes; Societies; Staging; Stimulus; Sum; Symptoms; Thinking; Visual Perception; base; functional group; information processing; neural circuit; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; prevent; psychologic; relating to nervous system; response; therapy development; visual process; visual processing

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We propose to use measures of oscillatory activity in the scalp-recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) to examine the functional integrity of the neural circuitry underlying visual perception in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia has been conceptualized as a failure of the integration of cognitive and neural processes, and abnormalities in neural microcircuitry have been proposed as a basis for this disorder. There is growing evidence that oscillations in the upper frequency bands of the EEG, the beta ( : 13-30 Hz) and gamma ( : 30- 100 Hz) bands, mediate particular functions involved in visual perception. We hypothesize that abnormalities of and oscillations may reflect particular neural microcircuit abnormalities involved in schizophrenia. The proposed studies will build upon the previous project period in which we examined the relationships between response-locked oscillations (RLOs), perceptual feature-binding, and schizophrenia symptomatology. In the next project period we propose to use a unified approach to study oscillation abnormalities in schizophrenia: perceptual decision making. This approach involves tracking the evolution of a simple perceptual decision from stimulus to response stages of processing. Studies in animals and humans support a basic model in which stimulus encoding in sensory areas is read-out by multimodal association areas in which perceptual evidence accumulates and decisions are formed. Decision information is then transmitted to motor cortex and a response is made. Oscillation studies suggest that and oscillations may play distinct roles, with oscillations reflecting local computations of sensory and response processes, and oscillations involved in attentional control and maintaining stimulus-response mappings underlying the perceptual decision. Therefore, the perceptual decision making approach will allow us to identify abnormalities in particular aspects of information processing in SZ and relate these abnormalities to the patients' symptomatology. We hypothesize that: 1) SZ have independent deficits in sensory encoding, evidence accumulation, and response selection processes; 2) psychotic symptoms, such as disorganization and thought disorder, are closely related to dysfunctional evidence accumulation processes; and 3) top-down control deficits contribute to evidence accumulation impairments and psychotic symptom relationships. Our specific aims are to: 1) Dissociate feature binding from perceptual decision processes. Our standard Kanisza shape perception task will be modified to support 2 different judgments: shape presence/absence, and distinguishing between inducer attributes. We predict that perception-independent decisional processes will be abnormal and correlated with positive symptoms in SZ. 2) Examine which phases of perceptual decision making (sensory encoding, evidence accumulation, and response selection) are abnormal in SZ, using a coherent motion detection task. We predict that while all three phases will be impaired in SZ, these impairments will be independent of each other. A measure of evidence accumulation will be positively correlated with psychotic symptoms. 3) Examine the role of top-down processes in SZ abnormalities in perceptual decision making by manipulating subjects' expectancies about the stimuli in the coherent motion detection task using cues. We predict that top-down processes will interact with both sensory and decisional processes, and will influence the relationships between decisional processes and psychotic symptoms in SZ. We hope that the results of these studies will lead to a deeper understanding of the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying schizophrenia, enabling the identification of biomarkers for treatment development. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Schizophrenia affects approximately 1% of the general population and has profound negative consequences for the personal, psychological, and fiscal well being of patients, their families, and society as a whole. This disorder characterizes a major group of patients in the VHA, where the chronically mentally ill (primarily patients with schizophrenia) account for a large proportion of VA mental healthcare costs. To treat and ultimately prevent schizophrenia, we must understand how the mind and brain are interrelated. This project seeks to further this goal by studying how brainwave synchronization is related to perception and thinking in people who are healthy, and in people who have schizophrenia.

描述（由申请人提供）： 我们建议在头皮录制的脑电图（EEG）中使用振荡活性的度量来检查精神分裂症中视觉感知的神经回路的功能完整性。精神分裂症已被概念化为认知和神经过程整合的失败，并且已经提出了神经微电路的异常，作为这种疾病的基础。越来越多的证据表明，脑电图，β（：13-30 Hz）和伽马（：30-100 Hz）频段的振荡介导了参与视觉感知的特定功能。我们假设异常和振荡可能反映了精神分裂症所涉及的特定神经微路异常。 拟议的研究将基于上一个项目时期，在该期间中，我们研究了循环锁定振荡（RLOS），感知特征结合和精神分裂症症状之间的关系。在下一个项目期间，我们建议使用统一的方法研究精神分裂症的振荡异常：知觉决策。这种方法涉及跟踪简单的感知决策从刺激到处理的响应阶段的演变。在动物和人类中的研究支持一个基本模型，在该模型中，多模式关联区域读取了在感觉区域中编码的刺激模型，在该区域中形成了知觉证据积累和决策。然后将决策信息传输到运动皮层，并做出响应。振荡研究表明，振荡可能起着不同的作用，振荡反映了感觉和响应过程的局部计算，以及参与注意力控制和维持感知决策的刺激 - 反应映射的振荡。因此，感知决策方法将使我们能够在SZ中信息处理的特定方面确定异常情况并与之相关联 这些异常对患者的症状学。我们假设：1）SZ在感觉编码，证据积累和响应选择过程中具有独立的缺陷； 2）精神病症状，例如混乱和思想障碍，与功能失调的证据积累过程密切相关； 3）自上而下的控制缺陷有助于证据积累障碍和精神病症状关系。我们的具体目的是：1）将特征与感知决策过程分开。我们的标准Kanisza形状感知任务将被修改以支持2种不同的判断：形状存在/不存在，并区分诱导者属性。我们预测，与感知无关的决策过程将异常，并且与SZ的阳性症状相关。 2）使用连贯的运动检测任务，检查SZ的知觉决策（感觉编码，证据积累和响应选择）的哪些阶段是异常的。我们预测，尽管这三个阶段在SZ中都会受到损害，但这些障碍将彼此独立。证据积累的量度将与精神病症状正相关。 3）检查自上而下的过程在SZ异常中的作用在使用提示中的相干运动检测任务中对受试者对刺激的期望，在感知决策中的作用。 我们预测自上而下的过程将与感觉和决策过程相互作用，并会影响SZ中决策过程与精神病症状之间的关系。 我们希望这些研究的结果能够深入了解精神分裂症基础的认知和神经机制，从而使生物标志物鉴定出用于治疗开发的生物标志物。 公共卫生相关性： 精神分裂症会影响大约1％的普通人群，并对患者，家庭和整个社会的个人，心理和财政状况产生深远的负面影响。这种疾病是VHA中主要的一组患者的特征 VA心理保健费用。为了治疗并最终预防精神分裂症，我们必须了解思想和大脑如何相互关联。该项目通过研究脑波同步如何与健康的人以及患有精神分裂症的人的看法和思维有关，以进一步实现这一目标。