INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN DRUG ABUSE LIABILITY

药物滥用责任的个体差异

• 批准号: 7389819
• 负责人: Thomas H. Kelly
• 金额: $ 37.3万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-01 至 2012-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7389819
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Alcohols; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain imaging; Brain region; Characteristics; Clinical; Communication; Complex; Data; Detection; Development; Dextroamphetamine; Diazepam; Dimensions; Dopamine; Dopamine Agonists; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Education; Emotional; Esthesia; Event-Related Potentials; Exhibits; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Funding; Human; Image; Individual; Individual Differences; Investigation; Laboratories; Laboratory Study; Link; Measures; Methodology; Methylphenidate; Modeling; Neurobiology; Nicotine; Novelty-Seeking Behaviors; Numbers; Pattern; Personality; Personality Traits; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Play; Prevention; Prevention intervention; Probability; Process; Rattus; Research; Research Personnel; Rewards; Risk-Taking; Role; Score; Stimulus; Substance abuse problem; Translations; base; biobehavior; drug abuse prevention; drug of abuse; drug sensitivity; emotional stimulus; experience; improved; neurobehavioral; novel; programs; psychostimulant; response; trait; willingness

Prevention investigators in our Center and elsewhere have demonstrated that drug abuse prevention efficacy can be significantly enhanced by targeting individuals who are most vulnerable to developing problems and tailoring message content and format based on the characteristics of these individuals. Further development of laboratory models to identify individuals who are vulnerable to developing regular and problematic patterns of drug use and identifying the characteristics of these individuals that predispose them to vulnerability and/or influence the efficacy of communication/education programs is of critical importance for informing and advancing the field of drug abuse prevention. This application proposes five years of research to continue laboratory investigations of individual differences associated with drug abuse vulnerability. Prior epidemiological research has established a link between the biologically-based personality trait of sensation-seeking (or novelty-seeking) and drug abuse in humans. Research with rat models suggests that novelty-seeking behavior is predictive of individual differences in dopamine function and in the reinforcing and other behavioral effects of drugs of abuse. Our recent clinical laboratory studies demonstrate an association between sensation seeking and individual differences in both brain function and in the reinforcing and other behavioral effects of drugs of abuse. Sensation seeking consists of dissociable biologically-based dimensions of reward seeking and inhibition; each of these dimensions has been postulated to play an important role in determining drug abuse vulnerability via distinct and separable biobehavioral mechanisms. A multidisciplimary approach combining laboratory abuse liability assessment and brain imaging methodologies will be used to examine the separate and combined effects of reward seeking and inhibition traits on 1) drug abuse vulnerability, 2) brain responses associatedwith reward and inhibition processing, 3) brain responses associated with drug effects on reward and inhibition processing, and 4) brain responses to emotional and novel stimulus materials. These studies will support the development of more efficacious prevention interventions by defining individual characteristics and associated brain processes that are linked to drug abuse vulnerability that can be used to improve the precision of targeted and tailored programs.

我们中心和其他地方的预防调查人员已经证明，预防药物滥用 通过针对最容易患上发展障碍的个人，可以显着提高疗效 问题并根据这些人的特征定制消息内容和格式。更远 开发实验室模型，以确定哪些人容易受到定期和 有问题的吸毒模式并确定这些人易患吸毒的特征 脆弱性和/或影响沟通/教育计划的有效性至关重要 为预防药物滥用领域提供信息和推进。 该申请提出五年的研究，以继续对个人进行实验室调查 与药物滥用脆弱性相关的差异。之前的流行病学研究已经建立了联系 寻求感觉（或寻求新奇）的基于生物学的人格特征与药物滥用之间的关系 人类。对大鼠模型的研究表明，寻求新奇的行为可以预测个体的行为。 多巴胺功能以及滥用药物的强化和其他行为影响的差异。我们的 最近的临床实验室研究表明感觉寻求与个体之间存在关联 大脑功能以及滥用药物的强化和其他行为影响方面的差异。 感觉寻求由可分离的基于生物学的奖励寻求和抑制维度组成； 这些维度中的每一个都被认为在确定药物滥用方面发挥着重要作用 通过独特且可分离的生物行为机制造成的脆弱性。多学科方法相结合 实验室滥用倾向评估和脑成像方法将用于检查单独的 以及奖励寻求和抑制特征对 1) 药物滥用脆弱性、2) 大脑的综合影响 与奖励和抑制处理相关的反应，3）与药物作用相关的大脑反应 奖励和抑制处理，4）大脑对情感和新奇刺激材料的反应。 这些研究将通过定义更有效的预防干预措施来支持开发 与药物滥用脆弱性相关的个体特征和相关大脑过程可以 用于提高有针对性和定制计划的精度。