Community Context and Violence: African American Youth Transitioning to Adulthood

社区背景和暴力：非洲裔美国青年过渡到成年

• 批准号: 8122097
• 负责人: Ronald L Simons
• 金额: $ 35万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8122097
• 关键词: Community; Context; Violence; African; American

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application seeks 3 years of supplemental funding for a study of approximately 710 African Americans transitioning to adulthood. We are currently in the midst of collecting the 5th wave of data. The targets were 10-11 years of age at wave 1 and are currently 20-21. NIMH has provided primary funding for the study and is funding the project for another 3 years which will include one more wave of data collection (wave 6). Prior to collecting waves 4 and 5, we obtained supplemental funds from the CDC to expand our study in order to examine the effects of community context on youth violence. These data have lead to several important findings and publications. The present proposal requests funds to collect an additional wave of community data that will include a number of new measures. As they transition to adulthood, our participants are spending increasing amounts of time away from home visiting friends or enjoying favorite hangouts. We plan to assess the types of routine social/recreational activities that targets typically display and the risk (e.g., prevalence of street code and crime) and protective factors (e.g., collective efficacy) that characterize the areas in which these activities occur. Further, the transition to adulthood entails a number of role transitions (e.g., marriage, employment, joining the military). These role transitions represent important discontinuities that can serve as turning points in people's lives. For some, these transitions provide an opportunity to escape childhood risk factors and achieve a more conventional life style, whereas for others failure and frustration regarding these transitions may lead to an escalation of violence and antisocial behavior. We have developed several hypotheses regarding the effect of community context on the successful negotiation of these role transitions, as well as the manner in which these transitions serve to temper or amplify violence and antisocial behavior. We propose to use community data to be collected at wave 6, along with data currently being collected in wave 5, in order to test these various hypotheses. The wave 6 data will include information collected from participants' best friends and romantic partners. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Violence is so prevalent in many impoverished African American communities that the Center for Disease Control has labeled it a public health issue. The proposed research investigates the processes whereby various risk and protective factors serve to temper or amplify violent tendencies as African American youth make the transition to early adulthood. These findings will inform the development of policies and programs designed to reduce violence in African American communities.

描述（由申请人提供）： 该申请寻求为期 3 年的补充资金，用于对大约 710 名非裔美国人向成年过渡的研究。我们目前正在收集第五波数据。第一波的目标是 10-11 岁，目前是 20-21 岁。 NIMH 已为该研究提供了主要资金，并为该项目提供了另外 3 年的资助，其中将包括另一波数据收集（第 6 波）。在收集第 4 波和第 5 波之前，我们从 CDC 获得了补充资金来扩大我们的研究，以检查社区环境对青少年暴力的影响。这些数据导致了一些重要的发现和出版物。目前的提案要求提供资金来收集额外的社区数据，其中将包括一些新措施。随着他们进入成年期，我们的参与者花越来越多的时间离开家拜访朋友或享受最喜欢的聚会。我们计划评估目标通常表现出的日常社交/娱乐活动的类型以及这些活动发生区域的风险（例如，街道法规和犯罪的流行）和保护因素（例如，集体效能）。此外，向成年的过渡需要一些角色转变（例如结婚、就业、参军）。这些角色转变代表了重要的中断，可以成为人们生活的转折点。对于一些人来说，这些转变提供了逃避童年风险因素并实现更传统生活方式的机会，而对于其他人来说，这些转变的失败和沮丧可能会导致暴力和反社会行为升级。我们提出了一些假设，涉及社区环境对这些角色转换成功谈判的影响，以及这些转换如何缓和或放大暴力和反社会行为。我们建议使用在第 6 波中收集的社区数据以及当前在第 5 波中收集的数据，以测试这些不同的假设。第 6 波数据将包括从参与者最好的朋友和浪漫伴侣收集的信息。 公共卫生相关性： 暴力在许多贫困的非裔美国人社区中非常普遍，以至于疾病控制中心将其列为公共卫生问题。拟议的研究调查了当非裔美国青年向成年早期过渡时，各种风险和保护因素如何缓和或放大暴力倾向的过程。这些发现将为制定旨在减少非裔美国人社区暴力的政策和计划提供信息。