Attention and Adult Emotion Regulation

注意力和成人情绪调节

• 批准号: 7413984
• 负责人: Derek M Isaacowitz
• 金额: $ 15.02万
• 依托单位: BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-07-01 至 2011-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7413984
• 关键词: Accounting; Adaptive Behaviors; Address; Adult; Affect; Affective; Age; Aging; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Cognition; Cognitive; Computer information processing; Condition; Development; Effectiveness; Elderly; Emotional; Emotions; Eye; Eye Movements; Face; Feeling; Goals; Health; Impaired cognition; Impaired health; Individual; Life; Link; Longevity; Measurement; Measures; Memory; Moods; Motivation; Outcome; Output; Pattern; Personal Satisfaction; Physical Function; Plant Roots; Play; Process; Regulation; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Role; Services; Staging; Technology; Testing; Time; Training; Visual attention; Work; age effect; age group; cognitive function; cognitive system; cost; emotion regulation; experience; interest; negative mood; programs; psychologic; research study; social; theories; tool; young adult

Accumulating evidence now points to older individuals being, on average, successful emotion regulators. Socioemotional selectivity theory (Carstensen, Isaacowitz, & Charles, 1999) has been offered as a motivational account of how older individuals proactively regulate their socieomotionalfunctioning in the face of decreasing physical and cognitive resources. Recent studies on the cognitive mechanisms that facilitate this emotion regulation have suggested a positivity bias in older adults' information processing. However, while the findings of a positivity bias in aging have been consistent in the memory domain, the evidence for a positivity bias in attention has been more mixed. Moreover, most previous work on these patterns of information processing has simply observed cognitive biases toward emotional information among older adults and assumed that these biases are linked to emotion regulation. The studies in this proposal aim to directly investigate the role of information processing in on-line regulation of emotional states in adulthood and old age. Eye tracking will be used as a real-time measure of visual attention, and will be combined with other cognitive measures to provide a thorough assessment of on-line emotional processing. The first study will focus on demonstrating that older individuals use information processing as a tool to regulate their emotions as they happen; the second study will use a training paradigm to more conclusively demonstrate causal links between information processing biases and ability to regulate emotions in the face of negative information. Then, the final study will address the critical issue of the adaptive function of such emotion- regulating cognitive biases, by presenting health-relevant negative information and testing whether cognitive biases facilitate feeling good but impair health-promoting behavior. Together, the studies in the proposal will use cutting-edge technology to discern specifically how older individuals use information processing in the service of emotion regulation and whether this has costs for other processes. This work has clear implications not just for understanding socioemotional development in adulthood and old age, but also for clarifying causal links between cognition, ability to regulate emotions, and health-related outcomes.

现在越来越多的证据表明，平均而言，老年人是成功的情绪调节者。 社会情感选择性理论（Carstensen、Isaacowitz 和 Charles，1999）已被作为 关于老年人如何主动调节其面部社会情绪功能的动机解释 体力和认知资源的减少。最近关于促进的认知机制的研究 这种情绪调节表明老年人的信息处理存在积极偏见。然而， 虽然关于衰老的积极偏见的发现在记忆领域是一致的，但证据表明， 注意力的积极偏差更加复杂。此外，大多数先前关于这些模式的工作 信息处理只是观察到老年人对情感信息的认知偏差 成年人并认为这些偏见与情绪调节有关。本提案中的研究旨在 直接研究信息处理在成年期情绪状态在线调节中的作用 和年老。眼动追踪将用作视觉注意力的实时测量，并将与 其他认知措施可对在线情绪处理进行全面评估。第一个研究 将重点展示老年人使用信息处理作为调节其行为的工具 情绪发生时；第二项研究将使用训练范式来更结论性地证明 信息处理偏差与面对负面情绪时调节情绪的能力之间的因果关系 信息。然后，最终的研究将解决这种情绪的适应功能的关键问题—— 通过提供与健康相关的负面信息并测试认知偏差是否可以调节认知偏差 偏见有助于感觉良好，但会损害促进健康的行为。总之，提案中的研究将 使用尖端技术来具体了解老年人如何在生活中使用信息处理 情绪调节服务以及这是否会给其他过程带来成本。这部作品有明确的 不仅对理解成年期和老年期的社会情感发展具有影响，而且对 阐明认知、调节情绪的能力和健康相关结果之间的因果关系。