Oral Feeding in Infants

婴儿经口喂养

• 批准号: 6966303
• 负责人: CHANTAL LAU
• 金额: $ 35.03万
• 依托单位: BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-08-01 至 2010-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6966303
• 关键词: cardiovascular disorder; clinical research; diet route /schedule; eating; hospital length of stay; infant human (0-1 year); oral behavior; patient oriented research; premature infant human; pulmonary respiration; respiratory disorder; self help; swallowing; tube feeding

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Oral feeding difficulties in preterm infants have become a major concern for neonatologists as medical advances have led to an increased survival of these infants. Hospital discharge of preterm infants often is delayed as a result of their inability to wean from tube feeding. There is also an increasing awareness that feeding impediments may persist on a long-term basis in this population of infants. Diagnoses and management of oral feedings are largely empiric because the reasons for such difficulties are unclear. The socioeconomic burden to society and family due to this medical predicament is rising at an alarming rate. Feeding therapists routinely use a number of interventions to assist these infants. However, due to a lack of evidence-based data to support their efficacy, clinicians debate their benefit as any ensuing progress may be simply the result of normal maturation. In the first part of this proposal, we hypothesize that efficacious interventions offered early on in life will accelerate the time at which preterm infants reach independent oral feeding and will improve specific oral feeding skills. We will investigate the effect on oral feeding of 2 exercise programs aimed at improving sucking and swallowing and 2 direct support programs aimed at identifying the optimal feeding position during bottle feeding. The combined effect of the 2 exercise programs along with the optimal feeding position identified will be evaluated as well. The efficacy of these interventions will be measured clinically by monitoring infant's oral feeding performance and functionally by assessing specific oral feeding skills. Our primary outcome will be days from introduction to independent oral feeding. Secondary measures of oral feeding performance will include duration of birthstay hospitalization, overall milk transfer, rate of milk transfer, and occurrence of cardiopulmonary compromises, i.e. oxygen desaturation, apnea, bradycardia, coughing/choking, and/or aspiration. Assessment of the specific oral feeding skills will include the developmental stage of sucking, sucking amplitude, suck-swallow and swallow-respiration interactions. We expect that the proposed interventions will improve all the above outcomes with the combined therapy providing greater benefits. In the second part of this proposal, we hypothesize that these interventions administered early on in infancy will decrease the incidence of long-term feeding problems as a result of the improved oral feeding skills these infants acquired during their birthstay hospitalization. The primary outcome will be the necessity of being followed for feeding problems by pediatric gastroenterologists and/or feeding disorder clinics. The secondary outcomes will be attainment of specific feeding milestones at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months corrected age.

描述（由申请人提供）：随着医学进步提高了早产儿的存活率，早产儿的经口喂养困难已成为新生儿科医生的主要关注点。早产儿出院往往会因无法断奶而延迟。人们也越来越意识到，喂养障碍可能会在这一婴儿群体中长期存在。经口喂养的诊断和管理很大程度上是经验性的，因为造成这种困难的原因尚不清楚。这种医疗困境给社会和家庭带来的社会经济负担正在以惊人的速度增加。喂养治疗师通常使用多种干预措施来帮助这些婴儿。然而，由于缺乏基于证据的数据来支持其功效，临床医生对其益处进行了争论，因为任何随后的进展可能只是正常成熟的结果。在该提案的第一部分中，我们假设生命早期提供的有效干预措施将加速早产儿达到独立经口喂养的时间，并将提高特定经口喂养技能。我们将研究 2 个旨在改善吸吮和吞咽的锻炼计划以及 2 个旨在确定奶瓶喂养期间最佳喂养位置的直接支持计划对经口喂养的影响。还将评估两种锻炼计划的综合效果以及确定的最佳喂养位置。这些干预措施的有效性将通过监测婴儿的经口喂养表现进行临床测量，并通过评估特定的经口喂养技能进行功能性测量。我们的主要结果将是从引入独立经口喂养开始的几天。经口喂养表现的次要指标包括出生住院时间、总乳汁转移、乳汁转移率以及心肺损害的发生情况，即氧饱和度降低、呼吸暂停、心动过缓、咳嗽/窒息和/或误吸。对特定口腔喂养技能的评估将包括吸吮的发育阶段、吸吮幅度、吸吮-吞咽和吞咽-呼吸相互作用。我们预计所提出的干预措施将改善所有上述结果，联合治疗将带来更大的益处。在该提案的第二部分中，我们假设这些婴儿早期实施的干预措施将减少长期喂养问题的发生率，因为这些婴儿在出生住院期间获得了经口喂养技能的改善。主要结果是儿科胃肠病学家和/或喂养障碍诊所对喂养问题进行跟踪的必要性。次要结果是在 3、6、12、18 和 24 个月校正年龄时达到特定喂养里程碑。