Relationships, Sexual Norms, and HIV Prevention Among African American Youth

非裔美国青年的关系、性规范和艾滋病毒预防

• 批准号: 8089241
• 负责人: KARIN Kristina COYLE
• 金额: $ 49.78万
• 依托单位: EDUCATION, TRAINING, & RESEARCH ASSOCS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2014-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8089241
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; AIDS/HIV problem; Accounting; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent Development; Affect; African American; Age; Attitude; Awareness; Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral; Belief; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Characteristics; Child; Childhood; Coitus; Communication; Communities; Data; Development; Education; Educational Curriculum; Electronics; Elements; Ensure; Environment; Ethnic Origin; Evaluation; Event; Future; Gender; Genital system; HIV; Hand; Home environment; Infection; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Knowledge; Literature; Methods; Minority; Modeling; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Parents; Patient Self-Report; Personal Digital Assistant; Play; Prevention; Prevention program; Preventive Intervention; Process; Public Health; Race; Randomized; Reaction; Research; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Reduction; Risk-Taking; Role; Schools; Self Efficacy; Sexual Partners; Sexuality; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Site; Staging; Students; Surveys; Testing; Time; Touch sensation; Unplanned pregnancy; Youth; base; condoms; design; disorder risk; early adolescence; effective intervention; evidence base; innovation; middle school; parent-child communication; peer; positive youth development; pregnancy prevention; pressure; prevent; programs; public health relevance; sex; sex risk; sexual relationship; skills; social; statistics; stem; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Urban minority youth, particularly African Americans, are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (CDC, 2007a, 2007b, 2008a). Although early adolescence is a valuable window to focus prevention efforts, there are relatively few evidence-based HIV prevention interventions for middle school youth that have been tested and found effective in school settings. Consistent with the objectives of the NICHD RFA, the proposed study is designed to address these gaps by developing and testing a new theory-based intervention for urban, minority, middle school youth that builds on essential elements of sexuality development, sexual risk behavior prevention, and positive youth development. The proposed study will assess the effects of two theoretically based intervention components that aim to promote relationship development as an avenue of reducing sexual risk taking behaviors: (1) a skills- and norm-based HIV, other STI, and pregnancy prevention curriculum that will focus on relationships and related behaviors that may affect disease risk, such as developing healthy relationships, sexual partnering (e.g., multiple and concurrent partners), relationship norms (e.g., when to have sex in relationships), condom use and HIV/STI testing within relationships, and ending unhealthy relationships; and (2) a school-wide social norms component that will feature monthly peer-led activities (some delivered via electronic media) to permeate the school environment with pro-social norms regarding healthy relationships--reinforcing and extending the potential effects of the classroom curriculum, and providing positive models for other youth. The program will be evaluated to determine its efficacy in altering behavioral intentions and sexual risk taking behaviors (e.g., sexual initiation, number and type of partners, condom use) and related determinants, such as functional knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, perceived norms, parent-child communication, sexual limits, and awareness of risky situations. The evaluation will feature a randomized controlled design involving 10 schools (approximately 1,500 students). Five schools would receive the intervention; the other five would serve as comparison sites. Students would be assessed 3 times during the study--baseline, 6 and 18 months, using self report surveys administered with audio-enhanced personal digital assistants (APDAs). The proposed study would be among the first to evaluate an HIV prevention program for middle school youth that features relationships as a core theme. Further, resulting data would expand the limited literature on prevention activities for early adolescents; it would also add to a growing body of literature on adolescent relationship development, particularly among African American and other urban minority youth. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Urban minority youth, particularly African Americans, are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Although early adolescence is a valuable window to focus prevention efforts, there are relatively few evidence-based HIV prevention interventions for middle school youth that have been tested and found effective in school settings. The proposed school-based project has several significant features that advance public health efforts to prevent HIV, other STI, and unplanned pregnancy for urban minority youth. It: 1) features a theoretically-based intervention that integrates essential elements drawn from sexuality development, evidence-based sexual risk behavior prevention programs, and positive youth development; 2) integrates HIV, other STI, and pregnancy prevention to enhance the relevance and salience of the program content; 3) addresses the characteristics of effective programs identified by Kirby (2007); and 4) centers on adolescent relationship development, an innovative approach to HIV prevention.

描述（由申请人提供）：城市少数青年，尤其是非裔美国人，受艾滋病毒/艾滋病和其他性传播感染的影响不成比例（CDC，2007a，2007b，2008a）。尽管青春期早期是集中预防努力的宝贵窗口，但对中学青年的循证预防干预措施相对较少，在学校环境中进行了测试和有效。与NICHD RFA的目标一致，拟议的研究旨在通过开发和测试针对城市，少数群体，中学青年的新差距来解决这些差距，该干预基于性发展的基本要素，预防性风险行为，预防性风险行为，和积极的青年发展。拟议的研究将评估两个基于理论上的干预组成部分的影响，旨在促进关系发展，以减少性风险行为的途径：（1）一种技能和规范的艾滋病毒，其他性传播感染，其他性传播感染和预防妊娠预防课程，将专注于可能影响疾病风险的关系和相关行为，例如建立健康的关系，性伴侣（例如，多重和并发伴侣），关系规范（例如，何时在人际关系中发生性关系），内部使用避孕套和HIV/STI测试关系，结束不健康的关系； （2）范围内的社会规范组成部分，该组件将每月以同行为主导的活动（有些通过电子媒体提供），以弥补有关健康关系的亲社会规范的渗透到学校的环境 - 增强教室的潜在影响并扩大了教室的潜在影响课程，并为其他年轻人提供积极的模型。将评估该计划，以确定其在改变行为意图和性风险行为（例如，性启动，伴侣的数量和类型，使用安全套）和相关决定因素（例如功能知识，态度，信念，感知规范，父母，父母的性启动，数量和类型）方面的功效 - 孩子的沟通，性限制和对风险情况的认识。评估将以随机控制设计为涉及10所学校（约1,500名学生）。五所学校将接受干预；其他五个将用作比较站点。在研究过程中，使用音频增强的个人数字助理（APDA）进行的自我报告调查将对学生进行3次评估，即6和18个月。拟议的研究将是最早评估针对中学青年的HIV预防计划的研究，该计划以关系为核心主题。此外，结果数据将扩大有关早期青少年预防活动的有限文献；这也将增加有关青少年关系发展的越来越多的文献，尤其是在非裔美国人和其他城市少数民族青年中。 公共卫生相关性：城市少数青年，尤其是非洲裔美国人，受艾滋病毒/艾滋病和其他性传播感染（STIS）的影响不成比例。尽管青春期早期是集中预防努力的宝贵窗口，但对中学青年的循证预防干预措施相对较少，在学校环境中进行了测试和有效。拟议的基于学校的项目具有一些重要的特征，可以推动公共卫生的努力，以防止艾滋病毒，其他性传播感染和计划外的少数族裔青年怀孕。 IT：1）具有基于理论的干预措施，该干预措施整合了从性发展，基于证据的性风险预防计划和积极的青年发展中提取的基本要素； 2）整合艾滋病毒，其他性传播感染和预防妊娠，以增强计划内容的相关性和显着性； 3）解决了Kirby（2007）确定的有效计划的特征； 4）以青少年关系发展为中心，这是一种预防艾滋病毒的创新方法。