Development of Multisensory Cortex: Role of Experience

多感觉皮层的发展：经验的作用

• 批准号: 8079720
• 负责人: MARK Thomas WALLACE
• 金额: $ 42.81万
• 依托单位: VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-08-01 至 2013-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8079720
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Animals; Anterior; Architecture; Area; Attention Deficit Disorder; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Autistic Disorder; Base of the Brain; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Binding; Brain; Brain Diseases; Brain Stem; Cereals; Cerebral cortex; Clinical; Development; Developmental reading disorder; Diagnostic; Disease; Dyslexia; Educational process of instructing; Explosion; Eye Movements; Felis catus; Foundations; Funding; Goals; Grant; Head; Health; Heterogeneity; Human; Incidence; Individual; Intervention; Knowledge; Learning; Life; Light; Mediating; Mission; Modeling; National Institute of Mental Health; Neurons; Outcome; Pattern; Perception; Physiological; Plastics; Play; Preparation; Process; Psychophysiology; Public Health; Role; Sensory; Shapes; Structure; Study models; Testing; Translating; Work; association cortex; autism spectrum disorder; awake; base; experience; fight against; flexibility; improved; infancy; insight; interest; multisensory; nervous system disorder; neuromechanism; postnatal; receptive field; relating to nervous system; remediation; research study; sensory system; spatiotemporal; superior colliculus Corpora quadrigemina; tool

DESCRIPTION: The broad, long-term objective of the proposed work is to understand the neural substrates of cortical multisensory processing, for it is these circuits that undoubtedly play an integral role in binding information from the different senses into a coherent perceptual whole. The emphasis of the previous grant period has been on detailing the development of multisensory cortical circuits and their plastic potential during early postnatal life, and we will continue to expand on this theme in the current work. In addition, we will focus on characterizing the functional circuitry that forms the basis for cortical multisensory processes, an essential yet unrealized step toward a better understanding of how our perceptual gestalt is created. The work will continue in the cat model, in which a substantial foundation of knowledge exists, facilitating the completion of the proposed studies. The work is divided into three specific aims. In the first, a combined anatomical and physiological approach will be employed in an effort to detail the functional architecture of cortical multisensory circuits. This work will represent the first systematic attempt to describe how multisensory networks in the cerebral cortex are assembled. In the second aim, the fine spatial architecture of cortical multisensory receptive fields will be detailed, and the hypothesis that receptive field structure and heterogeneity plays a critical deterministic role in multisensory interactions will be tested. These studies will be done in the awake and behaving animal in an effort to better understand the functional role of multisensory cortex. These experiments will seek to identify and describe a previously unrecognized level of complexity and flexibility to multisensory processes. In the final aim, the capacity of the adult brain for multisensory plasticity will be examined. Although it is clear from psychophysical studies that such capacity exists, virtually nothing is known about the neural substrates that likely form the basis for these changes. The ultimate goal of this work dovetails well with the mission of the National Institute of Mental Health (through whom this work has been previously funded), in that it seeks to further our basic science understanding of the brain bases of multisensory-mediated behavior and perception, with the ultimate goal of translating this knowledge into useful clinical strategies and interventions. In this regard, it is becoming increasingly clear that a number of clinical neurologic disorders with a sensory component (e.g., attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, developmental dyslexia) may have preferential deficits in multisensory processing, and that both diagnostic and remediation strategies founded on a multisensory platform may provide more effective outcomes for individuals suffering with these conditions. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE The proposed work has great relevance in both the basic science and clinical arenas. An improved understanding of multisensory cortical processing is an essential step toward a more complete understanding of the brain bases of behavior and perception. Such knowledge will be of tremendous utility in the public health arena, in that it can be applied toward the development of more sensitive diagnostic tools, as well as more effective remediation strategies, in the fight against brain disorders such as autism and dyslexia in which sensory and multisensory processes are preferentially compromised.

描述：拟议工作的广泛长期目标是了解皮质多感官处理的神经底物，因为这些电路无疑在将不同感觉的信息结合到连贯的感知整体中起着不可或缺的作用。上一个赠款时期的重点是详细介绍产后早期的多感觉皮质回路及其塑料潜力的发展，我们将在当前工作中继续扩展这一主题。此外，我们将专注于表征构成皮质多感官过程的基础的功能电路，这是一个基本而未实现的步骤，以更好地理解我们的感知性格式塔。这项工作将继续在CAT模型中继续，在该模型中存在大量知识的基础，从而促进了拟议的研究的完成。这项工作分为三个特定的目标。首先，将采用结合的解剖学和生理方法，以详细介绍皮质多感官电路的功能架构。这项工作将代表第一次进行系统的尝试，以描述大脑皮层中多感官网络的组装方式。在第二个目标中，将详细介绍皮质多感觉接受场的精细空间结构，并且将测试接受场结构和异质性在多感官相互作用中起关键的确定性作用的假设。这些研究将在清醒和表现动物中进行，以更好地了解多感官皮层的功能作用。这些实验将寻求识别和描述以前未认识到的多感官过程的复杂性和灵活性。在最终目标中，将检查成人大脑对多感觉可塑性的能力。尽管从心理物理研究中可以明显看出，这种能力的存在，但实际上对可能构成这些变化的基础的神经底物几乎一无所知。这项工作的最终目标与国家心理健康研究所（以前已经资助了这项工作）的使命非常吻合，因为它试图进一步发展我们对多感觉介导的行为和感知的大脑基础的基础科学理解，最终是将这些知识转化为有用的临床策略和干预措施。在这方面，越来越清楚的是，具有感官成分的许多临床神经系统疾病（例如，注意力不足多动障碍，自闭症谱系障碍，发育障碍）可能会在多感官处理中具有优先缺陷，并且在多诊断策略中都可以在多潜在平台上建立在多疾病中的诊断策略，以使其具有更高有效性的这些疾病，这些疾病可能会更有效地这些疾病。公共卫生相关性拟议的工作在基础科学和临床领域都具有很大的意义。对多感觉皮质加工的改进理解是朝着对行为和感知的大脑基础更完整理解的重要一步。这种知识将在公共卫生领域具有巨大的效用，因为它可以应用于开发更敏感的诊断工具以及更有效的补救策略，以抗击自闭症和阅读障碍，其中感觉和多感官过程优先遭到损害。