Genetic Risk, Pathways to Adulthood, and Health Inequalities

遗传风险、成年之路和健康不平等

• 批准号: 8090411
• 负责人: Michael J Shanahan
• 金额: $ 40.36万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-06-15 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8090411
• 关键词: Achievement; Addictive Behavior; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Age; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alleles; Area; Attenuated; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological; Biological Markers; Biosocial; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular system; Communities; Complex; DRD1 gene; DRD5 gene; Data; Data Set; Demography; Detection; Diabetes Mellitus; Disease Pathway; Education; Elderly; Environment; Ethnic Origin; Event; Family; Family Relationship; Friendships; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Polymorphism; Genetic Risk; Haplotypes; Health; Health system; Healthy People 2010; Hypertension; Impulsivity; Income; Inequality; Investigation; Learning; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Life Style; Light; Linear Models; Link; Longitudinal Surveys; Measures; Mediating; Medical Sociology; Mentors; Methods; Modeling; Monoamine Oxidase A; National Research Council; Obesity; Occupational; Parents; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Performance; Personal Satisfaction; Persons; Phase; Physical Capacity; Population; Predisposition; Prevalence; Process; Public Health; Race; Religion and Spirituality; Research; Resources; Respondent; Risk; Risk-Taking; Role; Sample Size; Sampling; Schools; Scientist; Series; Sex Behavior; Social Behavior; Social Controls; Socioeconomic Status; Source; Specimen; Subgroup; System; Testing; Time; Training; Woman; Work; Workplace; World Health Organization; Youth; anti social; behavior measurement; career; experience; gene environment interaction; genetic epidemiology; genetic risk factor; health disparity; health inequalities; hypercholesterolemia; insight; meetings; men; neurogenetics; physical conditioning; public health relevance; resilience; sex; social; social capital; social inequality; social integration; socioeconomics; stressor; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project will examine the ways in which genetic factors influence a cascade of behaviors and social events that ultimately create health inequalities in young adulthood. Such genetic factors include alleles associated with the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems and health factors include biomarkers of hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia. The proposed research will examine social mechanisms that link these genetic risk factors and indicators of health with special emphasis on educational processes and attainment, social integration into young adult roles, and health-related behaviors. We will also examine the protective capacity of forms of social capital and control that may attenuate pathways of risk. Data come from four waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health (Add Health), a nationally representative dataset (nH15,600, spanning ages 11 to 32) that will include newly-released genetic data and biomarkers of health. The combination of longitudinal social data with biological specimens from a study of this size provides an unprecedented opportunity to examine how genetic risks, socioeconomic achievements, and stressors associated with young adult roles are linked to the emergence of health inequalities. First, we examine SES- health gradient models that link socioeconomic status of the family-of-origin, health and health- related behaviors in adolescence, socioeconomic attainments and roles in young adulthood, and biomarkers of health. Second, we extend these models to examine gene-environment correlations according to which SES-health gradient processes reflect behavioral predispositions associated with the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems. These analyses will describe the meditational social processes by which neurogenetic factors, educational processes, and social roles are associated with inequalities in health. Third, we will examine gene-environment interactions according to which social capital and control promote well-being in young adulthood despite genetic risk factors. The analyses will thus shed light on how early health inequalities reflect the longitudinal interplay of genetic and social factors. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Public health concerns well-being, which the World Health Organization defines as "a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities" (WHO, 1986 Ottawa Charter). The proposed research will address how genetic and social experiences come together over time to promote or detract from physical health, including the traditional markers of cardiovascular disease. The research will also investigate how social resources (such as close relationships with parents and community involvements) might compensate for genetic risks that would otherwise be associated with cardiovascular disease.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目将研究遗传因素如何影响一系列行为和社会事件，最终造成青年期的健康不平等。这些遗传因素包括与多巴胺能和血清素能系统相关的等位基因，健康因素包括高血压、糖尿病、肥胖和高胆固醇血症的生物标志物。拟议的研究将研究将这些遗传风险因素和健康指标联系起来的社会机制，特别强调教育过程和成就、年轻人角色的社会融入以及与健康相关的行为。我们还将研究可能减弱风险途径的社会资本和控制形式的保护能力。数据来自全国青少年健康纵向调查 (Add Health) 的四波，这是一个全国代表性数据集（nH15,600，跨越 11 至 32 岁），其中将包括新发布的遗传数据和健康生物标志物。将纵向社会数据与如此规模的研究中的生物样本相结合，提供了前所未有的机会来研究遗传风险、社会经济成就以及与年轻人角色相关的压力源如何与健康不平等的出现联系起来。首先，我们研究了 SES-健康梯度模型，该模型将原生家庭的社会经济地位、青春期的健康和健康相关行为、成年早期的社会经济成就和角色以及健康的生物标志物联系起来。其次，我们扩展这些模型来检查基因-环境相关性，根据该相关性，SES-健康梯度过程反映了与多巴胺能和血清素能系统相关的行为倾向。这些分析将描述冥想的社会过程，通过这些过程，神经遗传因素、教育过程和社会角色与健康不平等相关。第三，我们将研究基因与环境的相互作用，根据这种相互作用，尽管存在遗传风险因素，但社会资本和控制仍能促进成年早期的福祉。因此，这些分析将揭示早期健康不平等如何反映遗传和社会因素的纵向相互作用。 公共卫生相关性：公共卫生关系到福祉，世界卫生组织将其定义为“强调社会和个人资源以及身体能力的积极概念”（世界卫生组织，1986 年《渥太华宪章》）。拟议的研究将解决遗传和社会经验如何随着时间的推移共同促进或损害身体健康，包括心血管疾病的传统标志。该研究还将调查社会资源（例如与父母的密切关系和社区参与）如何补偿与心血管疾病相关的遗传风险。