The Movement of Influenza Virus In Human Population

流感病毒在人群中的传播

基本信息

批准号：
8099541
负责人：
KATHERINE A POEHLING
金额：
$ 65.67万
依托单位：
WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2009-07-15 至 2014-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8099541
关键词：
18 year old 5 year old Accident and Emergency department Acute Acute respiratory infection Adult Age Age-Years Appearance Child Childhood Clinical Communities Comparative Study County Data Disease Disputes Effectiveness Elderly Epidemic Epidemiologic Studies Epidemiology Health Hospitalization Human Immunity Immunization Infectious Agent Influenza Influenza A virus Influenza prevention Influenza vaccination International Intervention Intramuscular Japanese Population Laboratories Life Lung diseases Measurement Measures Michigan Movement Mucosal Immunity North Carolina Nose Pattern Persons Pharmaceutical Preparations Pharyngeal structure Policies Polymerase Chain Reaction Population Prevention Prospective Studies Readiness Recommendation Registries Relative (related person)Reporting Research Sampling Seasons Severities Specimen Swab Techniques Testing Texas Time Vaccination Vaccines Viral Virus Visit base burden of illness epidemiologic data falls flu transmission functional status influenza epidemic influenza virus vaccine influenzavirus innovation mortality pandemic disease pandemic influenza population based prevent programs prospective public health priorities respiratory transmission process vaccine effectiveness

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Influenza epidemic control is an important public health priority, and the application of isolation, vaccination, and drug treatment measures to control influenza is based on an incomplete understanding of influenza virus epidemiology. Several limited studies suggest that influenza vaccination of children significantly reduces the disease burden in adult populations, but the extent of this effect is not known. The central hypothesis of this research is that the extent and severity of epidemic influenza largely depends on virus transmission in children. Three specific aims are proposed. In Specific Aim 1 we will track the appearance of influenza A and B in adults and children over five consecutive seasons to define patterns of virus spread within human populations, and test the hypothesis that the virus moves from children to adults. In Specific Aim 2 we will measure the impact of childhood vaccination, including the recently expanded nasal influenza vaccine indication for healthy persons 2-49 years of age, on the disease burden in both adults and children. We will concurrently determine influenza vaccination rates and rates of influenza disease in persons of all ages to measure the extent of influenza disease protection conferred to adults by childhood vaccination programs. In Specific Aim 3 we will measure influenza virus vaccine effectiveness for prevention of hospitalization and emergency department visits for persons of all ages. Dr. Poehling performed an important population-based epidemiologic study of childhood influenza disease that helped inform recommendations for expanded childhood influenza vaccination to include children 2-<5 years of age. This innovative research will occur at a unique time of anticipated, widespread childhood nasal influenza vaccine introduction, in a setting that will permit prospective, population-based study of adults and children over multiple consecutive seasons t answer fundamental questions about influenza disease epidemiology and its control. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Limited research suggests that influenza infection of children may disproportionately enhance its rapid movement in human populations during seasonal and pandemic epidemics, and that influenza prevention in children may be critically important in influenza control. We will perform prospective, population-based, laboratory supported viral surveillance of children and adults hospitalized or seen in an emergency department for respiratory illnesses through 5 consecutive influenza seasons. This research will measure the relative timing of influenza movement in children and adults during seasonal epidemics, rates of influenza vaccination and disease in a population of adults and children representative of the U.S. population, and effectiveness of influenza virus vaccination in persons of all ages.

描述（申请人提供）：流感疫情控制是重要的公共卫生优先事项，应用隔离、疫苗接种和药物治疗措施来控制流感是基于对流感病毒流行病学的不完全了解。几项有限的研究表明，儿童接种流感疫苗可显着减轻成年人的疾病负担，但这种影响的程度尚不清楚。这项研究的中心假设是，流行性流感的范围和严重程度很大程度上取决于病毒在儿童中的传播。提出了三个具体目标。在具体目标 1 中，我们将跟踪连续五个季节的成人和儿童中 A 型和 B 型流感的出现情况，以确定病毒在人群中的传播模式，并检验病毒从儿童传播到成人的假设。在具体目标 2 中，我们将衡量儿童疫苗接种对成人和儿童疾病负担的影响，包括最近扩大的针对 2-49 岁健康人群的鼻流感疫苗适应症。我们将同时确定各年龄段人群的流感疫苗接种率和流感疾病发生率，以衡量儿童疫苗接种计划为成年人提供的流感疾病保护程度。在具体目标 3 中，我们将衡量流感病毒疫苗对于预防所有年龄段人群住院和急诊就诊的有效性。 Poehling 博士对儿童流感疾病进行了一项重要的基于人群的流行病学研究，该研究有助于提出扩大儿童流感疫苗接种范围以包括 2-<5 岁儿童的建议。这项创新研究将在预期广泛引入儿童鼻流感疫苗的独特时期进行，该研究将允许在连续多个季节对成人和儿童进行前瞻性、基于人群的研究，以回答有关流感疾病流行病学及其控制的基本问题。公共卫生相关性：有限的研究表明，儿童流感感染可能会在季节性和大流行期间极大地促进其在人群中的快速流动，并且儿童流感预防对于流感控制可能至关重要。我们将在连续 5 个流感季节对因呼吸道疾病住院或在急诊室就诊的儿童和成人进行前瞻性、基于人群、实验室支持的病毒监测。这项研究将测量季节性流行期间儿童和成人流感传播的相对时间、代表美国人口的成人和儿童的流感疫苗接种率和患病率，以及所有年龄段人群流感病毒疫苗接种的有效性。