Venus Express science exploitation

金星快车科学开发

• 批准号: ST/F002939/1
• 负责人: Michael Balikhin
• 金额: $ 32.38万
• 依托单位: University of Sheffield
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2008 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FF002939%2F1
• 关键词: Venus; Express; science; exploitation

This research proposal outlines a project to study the interaction between the planet Venus and the solar wind, comparing the results to those observed at the Earth. Unlike the Earth, the planet Venus does not possess magnetic field generated within the planet itself. This means that areas of its interaction with the solar wind will be quite different from that observed at the Earth. To begin with, both planets are obstacles in the supersonic solar wind. As a result, both possess a shock wave upstream of the planetary body. This shock wave has to decelerate and deflect the solar wind around the planetary obstacle. Part of the proposal will investigate the processes occurring within and around the shock to determine how the energy from the solar wind is redistributed among the incoming particles. It is also important to determine the thickness of the shock because this has implications on the processes that can occur within the shock and its evolution. Behind the shock lies the magnetosheath, a region of turbulent plasma created from the solar wind as it passed through the shock. The goal of our research in this region is to understand and characterise this turbulence in terms of the processes occurring as the energy redistribution process that started at the shock continues. The boundary at the downstream edge of the magnetosheath differs depending on whether we are studying Earth of Venus. At the Earth, this boundary is the magnetopause and marks the edge of the cavity created be the Earth's magnetic field. At Venus, however, it is the ionosphere that forms the obstacle in the solar wind flow. The boundary that separates the ionosphere from the solar wind flow is the ionopause. Just as the wind can create waves of the surface of a lake, the high speed solar wind can cerate waves on the surface of the ionopause. We will study the generation and evolution of these waves. Sometimes, these waves are so large that they form vortices. At Venus, these vortices will mix plasma from the magnetosheath and ionosphere, which can result in the loss of plasma from the ionosphere. The occurrence, growth and interaction of these vortices will be studied to determine their morphology and dependence on the solar wind conditions and state of the ionosphere. The results of this research will provide a good understanding of how Venus interacts with the solar wind and how this interaction depends upon the current solar wind conditions. The information gained will be of use to planetary and solar physicists as well as astronomers studying objects such as supernovae and galactic jets.

该研究提案概述了一个研究金星和太阳风之间相互作用的项目，将结果与在地球上观察到的结果进行了比较。与地球不同，金星行星不具有在行星本身内产生的磁场。这意味着其与太阳风相互作用的区域将与在地球上观察到的区域完全不同。首先，这两个行星都是超音速太阳风中的障碍。结果，两者都具有行星主体上游的冲击波。这种冲击波必须减速和偏转行星障碍物周围的太阳风。该提案的一部分将调查冲击内部和周围发生的过程，以确定如何将来自太阳风中的能量重新分布在传入颗粒之间。确定冲击的厚度也很重要，因为这对冲击及其进化中可能发生的过程具有含义。震动后面是磁石，这是一个湍流的等离子体区域，当时太阳风经过冲击。我们在该地区的研究的目的是了解并以随着冲击开始时开始的能量再分配过程的过程来理解和表征这种动荡。磁石的下游边缘的边界取决于我们是否正在研究金星地球。在地球上，该边界是磁磁磁带，标志着所产生的腔的边缘是地球的磁场。然而，在金星，是离电层在太阳风流中形成障碍物。将电离层与太阳风流分开的边界是离子。正如风能产生湖面的波浪一样，高速太阳风可以在离子面部表面凝聚。我们将研究这些波浪的产生和演变。有时，这些波是如此之大，以至于它们形成涡流。在金星，这些涡旋将从磁壳和电离层中混合血浆，这可能导致离电层的血浆损失。将研究这些涡旋的发生，生长和相互作用，以确定它们的形态和对太阳能条件和电离层状态的依赖。这项研究的结果将对金星如何与太阳风相互作用以及这种相互作用如何取决于当前的太阳风条件有很好的了解。获得的信息将用于行星和太阳能物理学家以及研究诸如超新星和银河飞机等物体的天文学家。

项目成果

Giant vortices lead to ion escape from Venus and re-distribution of plasma in the ionosphere

• DOI: 10.1029/2008gl036977
• 发表时间: 2009-04-15
• 期刊: GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Pope, S. A.;Balikhin, M. A.;Barabash, S.
• 通讯作者: Barabash, S.

Behavior of current sheets at directional magnetic discontinuities in the solar wind at 0.72 AU

• DOI: 10.1029/2008gl036120
• 发表时间: 2008-12
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Tinglong Zhang;Tinglong Zhang;C. Russell;W. Zambelli;Z. Vörös;Chunmiao Wang;J. Cao;L. Jian

Mirror mode structures in the solar wind at 0.72 AU

• DOI: 10.1029/2009ja014103
• 发表时间: 2009-10
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research
• 作者: Tinglong Zhang;Wolfgang Baumjohann;C. Russell;L. Jian;Chuanjun Wang;J. Cao;M. Balikhin;X. Blanco‐Cano;M. Delva;M. Volwerk

Collisionless relaxation of ion distributions downstream of laminar quasi-perpendicular shocks

• DOI: 10.1029/2009ja014365
• 发表时间: 2009-09
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research
• 作者: L. Ofman;M. Balikhin;C. Russell;M. Gedalin

Exploring planetary magnetic environments using magnetically unclean spacecraft: a systems approach to VEX MAG data analysis

• DOI: 10.5194/angeo-29-639-2011
• 发表时间: 2011-01-01
• 期刊: ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE
• 影响因子: 1.9
• 作者: Pope, S. A.;Zhang, T. L.;Dimmock, A. P.
• 通讯作者: Dimmock, A. P.