Wildfire, soil erosion and the risk to aquatic resources: evidence from the burnt Evrotas River basin, southern Peloponnese, Greece.

野火、土壤侵蚀和水生资源风险：来自希腊伯罗奔尼撒半岛南部被烧毁的埃夫罗塔斯河流域的证据。

• 批准号: NE/F01273X/1
• 负责人: William Blake
• 金额: $ 5.68万
• 依托单位: Plymouth University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2007 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FF01273X%2F1
• 关键词: Wildfire; soil; erosion; risk; aquatic

Recent wildfires in Greece engulfed 200,000 hectares of land including 173,000 hectares of rural land in the Peloponnese peninsula. More than 50% of the affected area was forest or nature reserve and around 40% was farmland. Over 120 major fires were reported in Greece by September of this year compared to 52 for the whole of last year largely due to a record period of sustained high temperatures up to 46 degrees C. These events present a unique opportunity to evaluate the risk that wildfire and subsequent soil erosion pose to aquatic resources (ecosystem health and water supply). In this context, this proposal describes a rapid-response field- and laboratory-based research programme to evaluate the immediate post-fire risk of soil erosion and sediment and nutrient delivery to water courses within fire-prone Mediterranean landscapes. The PI's recent research in Australian burnt water supply catchments illustrates the potential problems that might be faced by catchment managers in this Mediterranean context. This work has shown that nutrient concentrations equivalent to those from intensively farmed agricultural land may be delivered to streams following wildfire. The erosion dynamics of burnt soil are altered radically in severely burnt landscapes due to changes in hillslope hydrological processes and soil structure. The latter is also likely to affect nutrient availability in derived fluvial sediment with long-term implications for aquatic habitat and water quality. There are no data to support this hypothesis for severely burnt Mediterranean landscapes. These data must be collected before evidence of the immediate post-fire impacts on soil properties is lost thereby providing data to evaluate catchment management options in an uncertain climatic future.

希腊最近发生的山火吞噬了20万公顷土地，其中包括伯罗奔尼撒半岛17.3万公顷的农村土地。超过50%的受影响地区是森林或自然保护区，约40%是农田。截至今年 9 月，希腊报告了 120 多起重大火灾，而去年全年有 52 起，主要是由于创纪录的持续高温高达 46 摄氏度。这些事件为评估野火风险提供了独特的机会。以及随后的土壤侵蚀对水生资源（生态系统健康和供水）造成影响。在这种背景下，本提案描述了一项基于现场和实验室的快速响应研究计划，以评估火灾易发的地中海景观中土壤侵蚀、沉积物和养分向水道输送的直接火灾后风险。 PI 最近对澳大利亚燃烧水供应集水区的研究说明了在地中海背景下集水区管理者可能面临的潜在问题。这项工作表明，野火发生后，溪流中可能会输送与集约化农田相当的养分浓度。由于山坡水文过程和土壤结构的变化，严重烧毁景观中烧焦土壤的侵蚀动态发生了根本改变。后者还可能影响衍生河流沉积物中的养分可用性，对水生栖息地和水质产生长期影响。没有数据支持地中海地区严重烧毁的这一假设。必须在火后对土壤特性立即影响的证据丢失之前收集这些数据，从而为评估不确定的气候未来的流域管理方案提供数据。

项目成果

Discriminating fine sediment sources and the application of sediment tracers in burned catchments: a review

• DOI: 10.1002/hyp.9537
• 发表时间: 2013-03
• 期刊: Hydrological Processes
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: H. Smith;W. Blake;P. Owens