Attention and Adult Emotion Regulation

注意力和成人情绪调节

• 批准号: 7803555
• 负责人: Derek M Isaacowitz
• 金额: $ 11.62万
• 依托单位: BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-07-01 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7803555
• 关键词: Accounting; Adaptive Behaviors; Address; Adult; Affect; Affective; Age; Aging; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Cognition; Cognitive; Development; Effectiveness; Elderly; Emotional; Emotions; Eye; Eye Movements; Face; Feeling; Goals; Health; Impaired cognition; Impaired health; Individual; Life; Link; Longevity; Measurement; Measures; Memory; Moods; Motivation; Outcome; Output; Pattern; Personal Satisfaction; Physical Function; Plant Roots; Play; Process; Regulation; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Role; Services; Staging; Technology; Testing; Time; Training; Visual attention; Work; age effect; age group; cognitive function; cognitive system; cost; emotion regulation; experience; information processing; interest; negative mood; programs; psychologic; research study; social; theories; tool; young adult

Accumulating evidence now points to older individuals being, on average, successful emotion regulators. Socioemotional selectivity theory (Carstensen, Isaacowitz, & Charles, 1999) has been offered as a motivational account of how older individuals proactively regulate their socieomotionalfunctioning in the face of decreasing physical and cognitive resources. Recent studies on the cognitive mechanisms that facilitate this emotion regulation have suggested a positivity bias in older adults' information processing. However, while the findings of a positivity bias in aging have been consistent in the memory domain, the evidence for a positivity bias in attention has been more mixed. Moreover, most previous work on these patterns of information processing has simply observed cognitive biases toward emotional information among older adults and assumed that these biases are linked to emotion regulation. The studies in this proposal aim to directly investigate the role of information processing in on-line regulation of emotional states in adulthood and old age. Eye tracking will be used as a real-time measure of visual attention, and will be combined with other cognitive measures to provide a thorough assessment of on-line emotional processing. The first study will focus on demonstrating that older individuals use information processing as a tool to regulate their emotions as they happen; the second study will use a training paradigm to more conclusively demonstrate causal links between information processing biases and ability to regulate emotions in the face of negative information. Then, the final study will address the critical issue of the adaptive function of such emotion- regulating cognitive biases, by presenting health-relevant negative information and testing whether cognitive biases facilitate feeling good but impair health-promoting behavior. Together, the studies in the proposal will use cutting-edge technology to discern specifically how older individuals use information processing in the service of emotion regulation and whether this has costs for other processes. This work has clear implications not just for understanding socioemotional development in adulthood and old age, but also for clarifying causal links between cognition, ability to regulate emotions, and health-related outcomes.

现在积累证据表明，年龄较大的人平均是成功的情绪调节者。 社会情感选择性理论（Carstensen，Isaacowitz和Charles，1999年）被作为一种 激励性描述年长者如何主动调节其社会功能 减少物理和认知资源。关于促进认知机制的最新研究 这种情绪调节表明，老年人的信息处理有积极的偏见。然而， 尽管在记忆域中，衰老中阳性偏见的发现一直保持一致，但证据的证据 注意力的积极性偏见更加混杂。而且，大多数以前关于这些模式的工作 信息处理简单地观察到了老年人对情感信息的认知偏见 成年人并假设这些偏见与情绪调节有关。该提案中的研究旨在 直接研究信息处理在成年期情绪状态的在线调节中的作用 和老年。眼睛跟踪将用作视觉关注的实时度量，并将与 其他认知措施可彻底评估在线情绪处理。第一个研究 将专注于证明老年人使用信息处理作为调节其的工具 情绪发生时；第二项研究将使用培训范式更得出的证明 信息处理偏见与调节情绪的能力之间的因果关系 信息。然后，最终研究将解决此类情绪自适应功能的关键问题 - 通过呈现与健康相关的负面信息并测试认知能力，调节认知偏见是否 偏见有助于感觉良好，但会损害促进健康的行为。提案中的研究将 使用尖端技术专门辨别老年人如何使用信息处理 情绪调节的服务以及其他过程是否有成本。这项工作清楚 不仅对了解成年和老年的社会情感发展的含义，而且对 阐明认知，调节情绪和与健康相关的结果之间的因果关系。