Effects of Prenatal Cocaine Use: 21-Year Follow-Up

产前使用可卡因的影响：21 年随访

基本信息

批准号：
7807117
负责人：
GALE A. RICHARDSON
金额：
$ 45.05万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1995-09-30 至 2013-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7807117
关键词：
15 year old 21 year old Achievement Address Adolescence Adult Adult Children Affect African American Age Alcohol or Other Drugs use Alcohols Behavior Behavioral Birth Brain Caucasians Caucasoid Race Characteristics Child Childhood Clinic Cognitive Coupled Crack Cocaine Depressed mood Development Dose Drug usage Enrollment Environment Environmental Risk Factor Etiology Family Fetal Cocaine Exposure Frequencies Growth HIV Head circumference Height Hepatitis Home environment Household Illicit Drugs Impulsivity Infant Interview Learning Life Long-Term Effects Longitudinal Studies Marijuana Measures Mediating Medical Mental disorders Military Personnel Modeling Mothers Motor Natural History Neighborhoods Neurologic Neuropsychological Tests Nursery Schools Observational Study Occupational Occupations Outcome Pattern Phase Pregnancy Pregnancy Trimesters Prenatal care Probability Problem behavior Protocols documentation Psyche structure Psychiatric Diagnosis Recruitment Activity Regulation Research Research Design Retrospective Studies Risk Risk Factors Role Sampling School-Age Population Sex Behavior Sexually Transmitted Diseases Short-Term Memory Sleep Social Functioning Staging Substance Use Disorder Target Populations Temperament Time Tobacco Weight Woman abnormal reflex cocaine use cohort college criminal behavior depressive symptoms early onset experience fetal drug exposure flexibility follow-up infancy longitudinal design neurobehavioral neuropsychological offspring postnatal prenatal prenatal exposure psychologic public health relevance social young adult

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We have found significant effects of PCE on physical, neuropsychological, and behavioral development through 15 years of age. PCE was associated with higher rates of delinquency, inappropriate sexual behavior, and substance use at 15 years. This is a proposal to examine the long-term effects of prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) in young adulthood. This cohort represents the most common pattern of PCE in non-treatment samples. Although most women who use cocaine decrease or quit their use early in pregnancy, the effects of this pattern of use have been largely unstudied. In this study, women were enrolled in their 4th prenatal month and interviewed again at the 7th month and at delivery. The birth cohort consisted of 295 mother/infant pairs; 48% were African American, 52% were Caucasian. Maternal and child assessments occurred at birth, 1, 3, 7, 10, and 15 years. At each phase, we measured maternal substance use, including cocaine/crack, alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and other illicit drugs, demographic and psychological status, household composition, and quality of the environment. We have comprehensive child measures of growth, cognitive and neuropsychological development, achievement, psychological status, behavior, and drug use. This proposed study will define the long-term effects of PCE at 21 years of age. Young adulthood is a critical developmental stage that requires the offspring to learn and adapt to new roles and responsibilities as they develop their adult identities. It is a time that will further challenge these prenatally-exposed offspring. We will evaluate the relations between PCE and growth, cognitive and neuropsychological functioning, behavior, affect, adaptation to adult roles, and substance use. As at all earlier phases, we will carefully describe the current environment of the young adults, including their social, psychological, behavioral, occupational, educational, family, and neighborhood characteristics. The early PCE-associated problem behaviors that we have found are significant risk factors for even more serious problems in adulthood, including criminality, continued and escalating substance use, and substance use and other psychiatric disorders. We will evaluate each of these behaviors at the 21-year phase. This study is an important addition to the research on PCE: Our sample reflects the modal pattern of prenatal exposure and we have documented significant, detrimental effects of PCE that persist across time and developmental stages. As the exposed offspring continue to mature, we expect a broader range of problems in their neuropsychological, psychological, and social functioning. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: In this study, we will investigate the long-term effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on young adult offspring in a sample that represents the modal pattern of drug use during pregnancy. We will evaluate the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on growth, cognitive, psychological, and behavioral outcomes. We will also identify the antecedent risk factors that predict problem behaviors, including substance use, psychiatric disorders, and criminality, among the 21-year-old offspring.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们发现PCE在15岁时对PCE对身体，神经心理学和行为发展的显着影响。 PCE与较高的犯罪率，不当的性行为和15年的物质使用有关。这是一项提议，旨在检查成年后可卡因（PCE）的长期影响。该队列代表了非处理样品中最常见的PCE模式。尽管大多数使用可卡因的妇女在怀孕初期降低或退出使用，但这种使用模式的影响在很大程度上是未研究的。在这项研究中，妇女参加了第四个月的入学，并在第7个月和分娩时再次接受采访。出生队列由295对母/婴儿对组成；非裔美国人为48％，高加索人为52％。产妇和儿童评估发生在出生时，1、3、7、10和15岁。在每个阶段，我们都测量了母体物质的使用，包括可卡因/裂缝，酒精，烟草，大麻以及其他非法药物，人口统计学和心理状况，家庭组成以及环境的质量。我们对成长，认知和神经心理学发展，成就，心理状况，行为和吸毒的全面度量。这项拟议的研究将定义21岁时PCE的长期影响。成年是一个关键的发展阶段，要求后代在发展成人身份时学习并适应新的角色和责任。这是一个将进一步挑战这些产前曝光后代的时候。我们将评估PCE与生长之间的关系，认知和神经心理学功能，行为，影响，对成人角色的适应以及使用物质的使用。与较早的阶段一样，我们将仔细描述年轻人的当前环境，包括他们的社会，心理，行为，职业，教育，家庭和邻里的特征。我们发现的早期与PCE相关的问题行为是成年后更严重问题的重要危险因素，包括犯罪，持续和升级药物使用以及使用物质以及其他精神疾病。我们将在21年阶段评估这些行为中的每一个。这项研究是对PCE研究的重要补充：我们的样本反映了产前暴露的模态模式，我们已经记录了PCE的重大，有害的影响，这些效果在时间和发育阶段持续存在。随着暴露的后代继续成熟，我们期望其神经心理学，心理学和社会功能会有更广泛的问题。公共卫生相关性：在这项研究中，我们将研究产前可卡因对年轻成人后代的长期影响，代表了怀孕期间药物使用的模态模式。我们将评估产前可卡因暴露对生长，认知，心理和行为结果的影响。我们还将在21岁的后代中确定预测问题行为的前提危险因素，包括使用物质，精神疾病和犯罪。