Social and Statistical Mechanisms of Prelinguistic Vocal Learning

语言前声乐学习的社会和统计机制

• 批准号: 7712197
• 负责人: MICHAEL H GOLDSTEIN
• 金额: $ 7.95万
• 依托单位: CORNELL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-20 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7712197
• 关键词: Achievement; Age-Months; Attention; Birds; Caregivers; Characteristics; Child; Child Care; Communication; Communication impairment; Crying; Development; Down Syndrome; Environment; Feedback; Female; Fostering; Goals; Growth; Infant; Infant Behavior; Intervention; Knowledge; Language; Language Delays; Language Development Disorders; Learning; Life; Light; Link; Literature; Machine Learning; Measures; Mechanics; Motor; Movement; Nature; Outcome; Parents; Pathology processes; Pattern; Phonetics; Play; Preventive; Production; Provider; Reaction; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Shapes; Snow; Social Environment; Songbirds; Source; Speech; Speech Perception; Speech-Language Pathology; Structure; Time; Work; base; design; high risk; insight; male; phonology; programs; public health relevance; response; social; sound; vocal learning; vocalization

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): How do infants learn to produce the sounds of their language? The vocal abilities of infants change dramatically over the first year of life. Beginning with the earliest, immature vocalizations, infants make rapid progress, typically producing their first words by 12 months of age. Along the way, they begin to produce speech-like syllables and to structure sequences of syllables in accordance with the phonological rules of their language environment. While the vocal achievements of the first year are well-described, not nearly as much is known about the mechanisms of change that drive vocal development. Most work focuses on the maturation of the vocal tract, but studies of vocal development in songbirds found that there are also social sources of developmental change. For example, young male cowbirds (Molothrus ater) rely on the reactions of females to shape their immature sounds into functional song. Based on the avian work, the investigators' preliminary studies have shown that infants can learn new patterns of vocalizing from caregivers' reactions to their babbling. How do infants use social feedback to create new, more developmentally advanced, vocalizations? The goal of the proposed research is to understand the mechanisms by which infants incorporate the phonological patterns of their language into their vocal repertoires. Based on preliminary studies, the investigators hypothesize that the contingent responses of caregivers to babbling facilitate infants' statistical learning of the phonological patterns of their language. To investigate this hypothesis, the variability and temporal contingency of speech to 9-month-old infants will be manipulated to assess their effects on vocal learning. The proposed research has important implications for educating parents in providing optimal learning environments for their infants. An understanding of the role of socially guided learning in speech and language could be used to help parents to be more sensitive to their infants' behavior in ways that would facilitate development. Investigating social influences on phonological development can also contribute to the study of speech-language pathology and of processes underlying both successful and disordered communicative development. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: By illuminating mechanisms by which infants learn to produce the sounds of their language from caregivers' contingent speech, the findings could inform interventions for disordered language development. The results could also be used to help parents and child care providers create social environments that foster and support language growth. Eventually, this research could be used to design preventive programs for infants with a higher risk of language delay (e.g., children with Down Syndrome or SLI).

描述（由申请人提供）：婴儿如何学会产生其语言的声音？婴儿的发声能力在生命的第一年发生了巨大变化。从最早的，不成熟的发声开始，婴儿会迅速进步，通常在12个月大之前就产生了第一句话。一路上，他们开始根据其语言环境的语音规则来制作类似语音的音节并构建音节序列。虽然第一年的声音成就被很好地描述了，但对推动人声发展的变化机制知之甚少。大多数工作都集中在声带的成熟度上，但是鸣禽中声发展的研究发现，也有发展的发展来源。例如，年轻的雄性牛鸟（Molothrus Ater）依靠女性的反应将其不成熟的声音塑造成功能性歌曲。根据禽类的工作，调查人员的初步研究表明，婴儿可以从看护人对他们的babling的反应中学习新的发声模式。婴儿如何使用社会反馈来创造新的，更高级的发声？拟议的研究的目的是了解婴儿将其语言语言模式纳入声乐曲目的机制。基于初步研究，研究人员假设护理人员对babing的反应促进了婴儿对语言语音模式的统计学习。为了研究这一假设，将操纵对9个月大婴儿的语音的变异性和时间偶然性来评估其对声带学习的影响。拟议的研究对教育父母为婴儿提供最佳学习环境具有重要意义。了解社会指导性学习在言语和语言中的作用可以用来帮助父母对婴儿的行为更加敏感，从而有助于发展。研究社会对语音发展的影响还可以有助于研究言语病理学以及成功和无序交流发展的过程。 公共卫生相关性：通过阐明婴儿学会从照顾者的偶然性言论中产生其语言声音的机制，这些发现可以为语言发展的干预提供依据。结果也可以用来帮助父母和托儿服务提供者创造社交环境，以促进和支持语言增长。最终，这项研究可用于为具有较高语言延迟风险的婴儿设计预防计划（例如，患有唐氏综合症或SLI的儿童）。