Behavioral Technologies for Predicting HIV Risk

预测艾滋病毒风险的行为技术

• 批准号: 7079273
• 负责人: Carl W Lejuez
• 金额: $ 35.89万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-07-01 至 2010-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7079273
• 关键词: AIDS; AIDS education /prevention; HIV infections; adolescence (12-20); attention deficit disorder; behavior prediction; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; conduct disorder; contraceptives; data collection methodology /evaluation; disease /disorder proneness /risk; drug abuse; gender difference; high risk behavior /lifestyle; human subject; longitudinal human study; method development; nondrug contraceptive; oppositional defiant disorder; peer group; questionnaires; racial /ethnic difference; sex behavior; socioeconomics; socioenvironment

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The problem of HIV infection in adolescence continues to grow despite public health efforts to reduce risk behaviors related to the acquisition and transmission of the virus. Developmental characteristics make HIV infection and transmission a concern for all adolescents, but there are subgroups of youths, especially in more urban settings, who are at relatively greater risk because of elevated levels of HFV-relevant risk behaviors. Large scale information-based programs often have led to greater awareness of HIV risks, but have had relatively limited success in preventing or reducing future engagement in HIV-risk taking behaviors. Individualized, contingency based interventions focused on skills training have shown promise, yet feasibility is limited by the high costs of such endeavors. These costs theoretically could be reduced with the identification of individuals most vulnerable to engaging in HIV-risk taking behaviors. To aid in such identification, we have developed an easy-to-use, adolescent appropriate, behavioral assessment tool to index risky behavior termed the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). Previous research with young adults and middle adolescents has shown that riskiness on the task is related to current engagement in HIV risk-taking behaviors (e.g., unprotected sexual intercourse) as well as other risk-taking behaviors (e.g., smoking, delinquent behavior). In the next step in this research, we aim to determine if riskiness on the BART in younger adolescents can be used to predict future engagement in HIV risk-taking behaviors. Specifically, we propose to follow 240 11-12 year olds over a 5-year period including an initial assessment with 3 follow-up assessments occurring at 1 year intervals). We expect that the behavioral index of "riskiness" on the baseline administration of the BART will predict: the emergence of HIV risk behaviors at follow-up assessments above and beyond that provided with a battery of more traditional selfreport measures assessing demographics (e.g., SES, gender, race), self-report measures of relevant individual difference variables (e.g., impulsivity, sensation seeking), cognitive processes (e.g., risk perception, HIV knowledge), environmental factors (e.g., life events, parental monitoring, peer influence), as well as developmental precursors to risk taking behavior (e.g., attention-deficit/hyperactivity, oppositional/defiant, and conduct disorder symptom severity. As a secondary question, we are interested in the extent to which riskiness on the BART and the measures within the self-report battery are stable across follow-up administrations, including the relationship of these changes to changes in real-world risk-taking behaviors.

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管公共卫生部门努力减少与病毒获取和传播相关的危险行为，但青少年艾滋病毒感染问题仍在继续加剧。发育特征使艾滋病毒感染和传播成为所有青少年关注的问题，但有一些青少年群体，特别是在城市环境中，由于与 HFV 相关的危险行为水平升高，他们面临相对更大的风险。大规模的信息化项目往往提高了人们对艾滋病毒风险的认识，但在预防或减少未来艾滋病毒风险行为方面取得的成功相对有限。以技能培训为重点的个性化、基于应急的干预措施已显示出希望，但可行性因此类努力的高成本而受到限制。理论上，通过识别最容易参与艾滋病毒冒险行为的个人，可以降低这些成本。为了帮助进行此类识别，我们开发了一种易于使用、适合青少年的行为评估工具来索引危险行为，称为气球模拟风险任务 (BART)。先前对年轻人和中青少年的研究表明，任务的风险与当前参与艾滋病毒冒险行为（例如，无保护的性交）以及其他冒险行为（例如，吸烟、犯罪行为）有关。在本研究的下一步中，我们的目标是确定年轻青少年 BART 的风险是否可以用于预测未来参与艾滋病毒冒险行为。具体来说，我们建议在 5 年时间内跟踪 240 名 11-12 岁儿童，包括初步评估和每隔 1 年进行 3 次后续评估。我们预计，BART 基线管理的“风险”行为指数将预测：在后续评估中，艾滋病毒风险行为的出现将超出提供一系列更传统的人口统计自我报告措施（例如，SES）的范围。 、性别、种族）、相关个体差异变量的自我报告测量（例如冲动、感觉寻求）、认知过程（例如风险感知、艾滋病毒知识）、环境因素（例如生活）事件、父母监督、同伴影响），以及冒险行为的发育前兆（例如，注意力缺陷/多动、对立/挑衅和品行障碍症状的严重程度）。作为次要问题，我们感兴趣的是冒险行为的程度BART 的风险和自我报告组中的措施在后续管理中保持稳定，包括这些变化与现实世界冒险行为变化的关系。