GENETICS OF THE SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY (S-) LOCI

自交不亲和性 (S-) 位点的遗传学

• 批准号: 7719955
• 负责人: NAOKI TAKEBAYASHI
• 金额: $ 19.32万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-05-01 至 2009-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7719955
• 关键词: Address; Age; Alleles; Angiosperms; Brassicaceae; Communities; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Data; Disease Resistance; Endoribonucleases; Evolution; Funding; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Polymorphism; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Goals; Grant; Human; Inbreeding; Institution; Knowledge; Modeling; Molecular; Nature; Numbers; Pancreatic ribonuclease; Papaver; Papaveraceae; Partner in relationship; Pattern; Plants; Pollen; Population; Process; Recording of previous events; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Ribonucleases; Rosacea; Rosaceae; Scrophulariaceae; Self-Fertilizations; Sex Chromosomes; Side; Solanaceae; Source; Specificity; Students; System; Testing; Time; United States National Institutes of Health; ZAP-70 Gene; abstracting; base; computerized tools; experience; prevent; programs

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Currently, we are focusing on empirical side of self-incompatibility (S-) locus evolution. Self-incompatibility (SI) is a genetic mechanism to prevent inbreeding in plants. S-locus determines mating specificities (who can mate with whom), and analogous to sex chromosome in human. Additionally, S-locus experiences evolutionary forces similar to MHC loci because both SI MHC are mechanisms of self-/nonself-recognition. 2007-2008 With Mike Hickerson(CUNY Queens) : We aim to develop statistically rigorous computational tools to test phylogeographic hypotheses. Abstract: Fundamental questions about the determinants and dynamics of community assembly and the historically geographic nature of species diversity have been vexing the scientific community since before the times of Darwin. By estimating the geographic history of all species within a community, phylogeographic data may be able to address the controversial and unresolved hypotheses explaining the forces determining community assembly. Toward this goal, we are expanding hierarchical approximate Bayesian computation (hABC) models used in msBayes (a program which we released to test phylogeographic hypotheses such as simultaneous divergence of species pairs). 2007-2008: With graduate student: Takashi Miyake, We are characterizing the diversification pattern of self-incompatibility locus at the molecular level in poppy. Abstract: Self-incompatibility is a genetic system of self-recognition that allows flowering plants to avoid self-fertilization. Self-incompatible plants are typically fertilized only by pollen with a different mating specificity (S-locus genotype), producing strong diversifying selection. Dozens of alleles may be maintained in a single population, and polymorphism within species is ancient. However, empirical knowledge of the evolutionary dynamics of self-incompatibility loci presently comes from just two systems, the RNase-based system in Solanaceae, Scrophulariaceae and Rosaceae, and the SRK system of Brassicaceae. We propose to characterize self-incompatibility in the Papaveraceae, which has a different molecular mechanism of self-incompatibility, by examining sequence diversity of S-alleles in five species of Papaveraceae from four genera. Diversifying selection creates and maintains extreme levels of genetic variation in terms of the numbers of alleles, their sequence divergence, and the age of polymorphism. Diversifying selection underlies many important processes in nature including self-recognition systems and disease resistance loci such as the human MHC loci. This study will reconstruct the history of diversification of a self-recognition gene that has not been previously examined, and will provide the first comparison of self-incompatibility loci in which the selective process is the same (gametophytic), but the molecular basis differs.

该副本是利用众多研究子项目之一 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子弹和 调查员（PI）可能已经从其他NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可以在其他清晰的条目中代表。列出的机构是 对于中心，这不一定是调查员的机构。 目前，我们专注于自我兼容的经验方面 （S-）基因座的演变。 自我兼容（SI）是防止植物近交的遗传机制。 S-Locus决定了交配特异性（可以与谁交配），并且类似于人类的性染色体。 此外，S-cocus经历与MHC基因座相似的进化力，因为两个Si MHC都是自我/非自然识别的机制。 2007-2008 与Mike Hickerson（CUNY Queens）：我们旨在开发统计上严格的计算工具来检验植物地理学假设。 摘要：关于社区集会的决定因素和动态以及物种多样性的历史地理性质的基本问题，自达尔文时代以来一直困扰着科学界。 通过估计社区中所有物种的地理历史，植物地理学数据可能能够解决有争议的尚未解决的假设，以解释确定社区集会的力量。 为了实现这一目标，我们正在扩展MSBayes中使用的层次结构近似贝叶斯计算（HABC）模型（我们发布了用于测试植物学假设的程序，例如物种对的同时发散）。 2007-2008：与研究生：Takashi Miyake一起，我们正在表征罂粟分子水平的自我兼容基因座的多样化模式。 摘要：自我兼容性是一种自我识别的遗传体系，它允许开花植物避免自我施用。 自兼容的植物通常仅通过花粉具有不同的交配特异性（S-Locus基因型），从而产生强大的多样化选择。数十个等位基因可以保持在一个人群中，物种内的多态性是古老的。 然而，对自我兼容基因座的进化动力学的经验知识目前仅来自两个系统，即基于RNase的系统，索植物科中的基于RNase的系统，Scrophulariaceae和sracaceae，以及Brassicaceaceae的SRK系统。我们建议通过检查来自四个属的五种帕帕弗拉西科中s- leartles的序列多样性来表征帕帕维亚中具有不同分子机制的自我兼容性。 多样化的选择会根据等位基因的数量，序列差异和多态性的年龄来创造并保持遗传变异的极端水平。多元化的选择是自然界中许多重要过程的基础，包括自我识别系统和抗病基因座，例如人类MHC基因座。这项研究将重建以前尚未检查过的自我识别基因多样化的历史，并将提供自我兼容性基因座的首次比较，其中选择性过程是相同的（配子体），但分子基依据有所不同。