Individual. Parnet, and School-Level Protective Factors in Early Adolescence

个人。

• 批准号: 7368616
• 负责人: ALBERT D FARRELL
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-15 至 2009-09-14
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7368616
• 关键词: Individual.; Parnet; Level; Protective; Factors

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Although important progress has been made in youth violence prevention, further work is urgently needed to improve the effectiveness of current prevention efforts. This project focuses on early adolescence-a crucial transition point during which youth are at increased risk for violence and victimization. The limited impact of current interventions for this age group underscores the importance of clarifying the risk and protective factors most relevant to these youth. Developmentally, early adolescents may be particularly susceptible to the influence of peers, and peer group and school norms related to violence. The goal of this project is to examine the role of modifiable protective factors representing processes at the individual, parent, peer group, and school level that have the potential to reduce the impact of risk factors encountered in the school and peer domains. This information could inform efforts to develop more effective programs to reduce the escalation of violence associated with adolescence. This project was designed to take advantage of an existing longitudinal data set collected as part of the recently completed Multi-site Violence Prevention Project (MVPP). Within the MVPP, data on risk and protective factors were obtained from multiple sources for students at 37 schools across multiple waves from the start of the sixth grade through the end of the eighth grade. Access to a data set that sampled teachers (N = 263) and two cohorts of students (N = 5,615) at a large number of schools representing four diverse sites provides a relatively unusual opportunity to examine the influence of risk and protective factors within the individual, peer, parent, and school domains on changes in individuals' level of violence during early adolescence. Few previous studies have sampled a sufficiently large or diverse sample of schools, or collected data that provided the depth and scope needed to examine the interaction between risk and protective factors at different levels of influence, particularly those that involve peer group and school-level processes. The specific aims of this project are to (1) Determine the extent to which association with delinquent peers, peer group norms, and school processes supporting violence increase risk for violence among middle school students; (2) Determine the protective effects of individual beliefs (e.g., beliefs against violence, beliefs supporting nonviolent strategies), parenting variables (parental support for nonviolent strategies, parental involvement and monitoring), and group norms for nonviolent strategies; (3) Test competing models of the relations among risk and protective factors; and (4) Determine the consistency of these effects across gender and ethnicity with the context of schools that differ in their ethnic compositions and structures.

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管预防青年暴力方面已经取得了重要进展，但迫切需要进一步的工作来提高当前预防工作的有效性。该项目的重点是青春期早期 - 关键的过渡点，在此期间，青年人面临暴力和受害的风险增加。 当前干预措施对该年龄段的有限影响强调了阐明风险和保护性的重要性 与这些年轻人最相关的因素。 从发展上讲，早期的青少年可能特别容易受到同龄人的影响，与暴力有关的同龄人和学校规范的影响。 该项目的目的是检查代表个人，父母，同伴组和学校级别的过程的可修改保护因素的作用，这些因素有可能减少学校和同伴域中遇到的风险因素的影响。 这些信息可以为制定更有效的计划提供努力，以减少与青春期相关的暴力升级。 该项目旨在利用作为最近完成的多站点预防项目（MVPP）的一部分收集的现有纵向数据集。在MVPP中，从六年级到八年级结束时，从37所学校的多个学校的学生那里获得了有关风险和保护因素的数据。 在许多代表四种不同地点的学校中，对教师（n = 263）的数据集（n = 263）和两名学生（n = 5,615）提供了访问，这提供了一个相对不寻常的机会，可以检查个人，同伴，父母和学校领域对个人早期暴力变化的个人，同龄人，父母和学校领域对个人暴力变化的影响。 以前很少有研究取样了足够大或多样化的学校样本，或者收集的数据提供了研究的深度和范围，以检查不同影响力水平的风险与保护因素之间的相互作用，尤其是那些涉及同龄人群和学校级别过程的范围。 该项目的具体目的是（1）确定与犯罪同行，同伴团体规范和支持暴力的学校程序的关联程度，增加了中学生暴力的风险； （2）确定个人信念的保护作用（例如，反暴力的信念，支持非暴力策略的信念），育儿变量（父母对非暴力策略的支持，父母的参与和监测）以及对非暴力策略的群体规范； （3）测试风险和保护因素之间关系的竞争模型； （4）确定这些影响在性别和种族之间的一致性与其种族组成和结构不同的学校背景。