Nitric Oxide Signaling in a Model Olfactory System

模型嗅觉系统中的一氧化氮信号传导

• 批准号: 7380055
• 负责人: ALAN J NIGHORN
• 金额: $ 27.49万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-03-01 至 2011-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7380055
• 关键词: Affect; Animals; Axon; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Assay; Blood Vessels; Brain; Calcium; Cell membrane; Cells; Chemicals; Communication; Computer information processing; Data; Detection; Diffusion; Electrophysiology (science); Enzymes; Exhibits; Free Radicals; Human; Image; Immune; Insecta; Interneurons; Laboratories; Life; Lobe; Manduca sexta; Measurable; Mediating; Modeling; Molecular; Moths; Nervous system structure; Neuroglia; Neurons; Neuropil; Neurotransmitters; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Odors; Olfactory Receptor Neurons; Organism; Pattern; Play; Pliability; Process; Production; Progress Reports; Pump; Reflex action; Relative (related person); Research Personnel; Rewards; Role; Series; Signal Transduction; Signaling Molecule; Soluble Guanylate Cyclase; Structure; Sucrose; Synapses; System; Talents; Testing; Time; Vertebrates; Work; base; classical conditioning; design; insight; olfactory bulb; patch clamp; research study; response; small molecule; tool

Nitric oxide (NO) is a small, gaseous free radical molecule that can mediate cellular signaling that is critical for the proper functioning of the vascular, immune and nervous systems. Within the nervous system, its ability to cross cell membranes and mediate communication between cells in the absence of specialized synaptic machinery gives it a power and flexibility not possible for conventional neurotransmitters. High levels of nitric oxide synthase (the enzyme that generates NO) expression has led to the hypothesis that NO mediates and/or modulates signaling within the primary olfactory neuropil. This idea has been strengthened by the observation that the hallmark spheroidal structures within the primary olfactory neuropil could be ideal to regulate the diffusion of a small molecule such as NO. This proposal takes advantage of the relative simplicity, but parallel organization of an insect olfactory system to investigate the function of NO signaling within the primary olfactory neuropil. We will investigate the production, diffusion, and function of NO within the olfactory system. This will be done by applying the talents of a group of expert researchers to complete the following three specific aims: (1) Characterize odor-induced NO production and diffusion within the AL. (2) Characterize the functional roles of NO signaling in AL neurons. (3) Characterize the behavioral consequences of interfering with NO signaling in the AL. The successful completion of these specific aims will result in a very detailed understanding of the role of NO in the function of this model olfactory system. This understanding will yield insight into the function of this important signaling system in other organisms including humans. In addition, these insights will likely serve as the basis for other experiments designed to examine the role of this very important signaling molecule both in other olfactory systems and in the nervous system in general.

一氧化氮 (NO) 是一种小的气态自由基分子，可以介导细胞信号传导 对于血管、免疫和神经系统的正常运作至关重要。内心紧张 系统，其跨越细胞膜并在缺席情况下介导细胞之间通讯的能力 专门的突触机制赋予它传统突触机构无法比拟的力量和灵活性 神经递质。高水平的一氧化氮合酶（产生 NO 的酶）表达 导致了这样的假设：NO 介导和/或调节初级嗅神经元内的信号传导。 观察到内部标志性的球状结构，这一想法得到了加强。 初级嗅神经元可能是调节小分子（如一氧化氮）扩散的理想选择。 该提议利用了昆虫嗅觉相对简单但平行的组织 系统研究初级嗅神经纤维内 NO 信号传导的功能。我们将 研究嗅觉系统中 NO 的产生、扩散和功能。这将完成 通过运用一组专家研究人员的才能来完成以下三个具体目标： (1) 表征 AL 内气味诱导的 NO 产生和扩散。 (2) 表征 NO 信号在 AL 神经元中的功能作用。 (3) 描述行为后果 干扰 AL 中的 NO 信号传导。 成功完成这些具体目标将导致非常详细的理解 NO 在此模型嗅觉系统功能中的作用。这种理解将产生洞察力 这一重要信号系统在包括人类在内的其他生物体中的功能。此外，这些 见解可能会成为其他旨在检验这一作用的实验的基础 在其他嗅觉系统和一般神经系统中都是重要的信号分子。