TESTS OF ATTENTION AND MEMORY IN INDIVIDUALS WITH INTELLECTUAL LIMITATIONS

智力障碍人士的注意力和记忆力测试

• 批准号: 7111191
• 负责人: WILLIAM J MCILVANE
• 金额: $ 12.02万
• 依托单位: PRAXIS, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-08-01 至 2007-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7111191
• 关键词: attention; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; biomedical equipment development; clinical research; cognition disorders; computer human interaction; computer program /software; computer system design /evaluation; data management; frontal lobe /cortex; human subject; intelligence; memory; mental retardation; motivation; stimulus /response; verbal behavior

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Clinicians and investigators alike rely on tests of attention and memory in a host of fields--among them psychology, neurology, psychiatry, pediatrics, gerontology, and epidemiology. Yet 1 segment of the population has been passed by in these assessment efforts: individuals who have limited verbal communication abilities, a group that includes persons with mental retardation, patients with neurologic damage (e.g., traumatic brain injury and dementia), and typically-developing children who are preverbal. Though some behavioral evaluations (e.g., of intelligence, achievement, and social behavior) have been administered to groups with intellectual limitations, most standard tests of memory and attention in neuropsychology do not exist for this group. This is most likely attributable to the fact that these persons often require (1) additional non-verbal instruction in how to perform these tasks, (2) simplified formats of presentation earmarked for them, and (3) the means of establishing and maintaining stimulus control. Our objective is to directly address these requirements, creating for the first time an extensive, user-friendly software battery of tasks developed for individuals with limited verbal abilities. In order to create this battery --Tests of Attention and Memory (TAM) for Individuals with Intellectual Limitations --we have identified paradigms that meet scientific scrutiny and utilize a neurocognitive framework, starting here with assessments of frontal lobe function. Our approach has been to adopt specific paradigms that have been well-established in basic and clinical laboratory settings, and in which our Behavioral Technology Group at the Shriver Center has specialized over its 30-year history. This initiative is the culmination of our longstanding program on behavior analytic research and software engineering in collaboration with Praxis, Inc. In Phase I of this STTR fast-track project, we will begin formal development of software for the TAM. This battery includes modules for the assessment of sustained attention, attentional shifting, delayed non- matching to sample, and delayed recognition span, linked to a common platform. A major focus of this phase of development is the creation and evaluation of User-Interface modules. The end product is slated to provide testing protocols for clinical use, along with design flexibility that meets rigorous experimental analytic standards.

描述（由申请人提供）：临床医生和研究人员都依赖于许多领域的注意力和记忆力测试，其中包括心理学、神经病学、精神病学、儿科、老年学和流行病学。然而，在这些评估工作中，有一部分人群被忽略了：语言沟通能力有限的人、包括精神发育迟滞者、神经系统损伤患者（例如创伤性脑损伤和痴呆症）以及典型发育障碍的患者。还不会说话的孩子。尽管一些行为评估（例如智力、成就和社会行为）已针对智力受限的群体进行，但神经心理学中大多数标准的记忆和注意力测试并不适用于该群体。这很可能是因为这些人经常需要（1）关于如何执行这些任务的额外非语言指导，（2）为他们指定的简化演示格式，以及（3）建立和维持刺激的方法控制。我们的目标是直接满足这些要求，首次创建为语言能力有限的个人开发的广泛的、用户友好的任务软件系列。为了创建这个电池——针对智力缺陷个体的注意力和记忆力测试（TAM）——我们已经确定了符合科学审查并利用神经认知框架的范式，从评估额叶功能开始。我们的方法是采用在基础和临床实验室环境中已经确立的特定范例，并且我们施赖弗中心的行为技术小组在其 30 年的历史中一直专注于这些范例。这一举措是我们与 Praxis, Inc. 合作的长期行为分析研究和软件工程计划的顶峰。在 STTR 快速通道项目的第一阶段，我们将开始正式开发 TAM 软件。该电池包括用于评估持续注意力、注意力转移、延迟与样本不匹配和延迟识别跨度的模块，链接到一个公共平台。此开发阶段的主要重点是用户界面模块的创建和评估。最终产品预计将提供临床使用的测试方案，以及满足严格实验分析标准的设计灵活性。