Continuation of Risk, Insurance, and the Family

风险、保险和家庭的延续

• 批准号: 7373492
• 负责人: ROBERT M TOWNSEND
• 金额: $ 51.93万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL OPINION RESEARCH CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-09-01 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7373492
• 关键词: Adult; Agriculture; Archives; Area; Buffers; Businesses; Censuses; Child; Commit; Communication; Communities; Complement; Contracts; Cost Sharing; Country; Data; Data Analyses; Databases; Developed Countries; Developing Countries; Disease; Econometric Models; Education; Extended Family; Family; Farming environment; Funding; Geographic Information Systems; Government; Growth; Guanosine Diphosphate; Health; Health education; Healthcare; Household; Imagery; Income; Individual; Industry; Inequality; Informal Sectors; Institution; Insurance; International; Internet; Joints; Kinship Networks; Labor Forces; Life; Marketing; Modeling; Morals; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Occupations; Online Systems; Personal Satisfaction; Play; Policies; Population; Poverty; Price; Productivity; Punishment; Recovery; Research; Research Infrastructure; Rice; Risk; Risk Factors; Risk Reduction; Role; Savings; Shock; Social Welfare; Stress; Surveys; System; Testing; Thailand; Time; coping; cost; disability; hazard; innovation; instrument; medical specialties; mouse Gdi2 protein; programs; soil sampling

This project is concerned with the health, productivity, and well being of families in developing countries. Households are exposed to various risks: illness and disability, erratic rainfall, crop disease, macro crises, and fluctuating prices in primary goods. Such shocks cause stress for both children and adults and can have long-term deleterious consequences. Ex post coping strategies and ex ante actions may be onerous and do not always suffice. This research is concerned with "insurance" against shocks and seeks to understand and quantify vulnerability, and to compare and contrast the roles of kinship networks, government policy, and more formal financial institutions. The roles of the informal and formal sectors many vary over space even within a country (e.g., the semi-arid Northeast of Thailand versus communities in industrialized areas near Bangkok), and vary over time (e.g., periods of growth vs. the years' financial crisis or, as now, resumed growth). Households living in an economy like Thailand with high sustained GDP growth may be more likely to have accumulated wealth and other buffers, at least if the benefits of economy-wide growth have trickled down. Thus the ability of households to make transitions to higher-income occupations (e.g., non-farm businesses versus subsistence agriculture), and gain access to the formal financial system is likely a key part of long-term poverty reduction and risk amelioration. Among the more narrow specific aims of the research: to understand local, regional, and national economies as integrated systems and to study the dynamics of growth, inequality, and poverty via models of individual and household selection into new occupations, and financial access, subject to imperfect credit markets and other constraints; to formally model the impediments to exchange which give families, networks, and clusters of "collective groups" a role, even in the context of larger local and economy-wide markets; to conduct statistical and econometric analyses: data-tabulations, statistical comparisons, fits to each of the various theoretical/econometric models, and formal comparisons across the various models including non- nested alternatives associated with impediments to exchange; to understand and quantify the obstacles: private information (adverse selection, moral hazard, hidden states), limited communication, incomplete contracts, reneging (limited committed, punishment), and transactions costs; to evaluate the impact of actual and potential government policies (financial liberalization, "one million baht" village funds, 30 baht health care); to continue field research with the annual panel and monthly micro panel; to establish an innovative web-based research data base archive with CIS functionality with all existing Thai national data; and to enhance infrastructure to further facilitate international research into these and related issues.

该项目涉及发展中国家家庭的健康，生产力和福祉。 家庭面临各种风险：疾病和残疾，不稳定的降雨，农作物疾病，宏观危机， 并在主要商品的价格波动。这种冲击会给儿童和成人带来压力，并且可以 长期有害后果。事后应对策略和事前行动可能很繁重，并且 并不总是足够的。这项研究与冲击的“保险”有关，并试图了解 并量化脆弱性，并比较和对比亲属网络，政府政策和 更正式的金融机构。非正式和正式部门的作用在太空上也有所不同 在一个国家（例如，泰国东北部的半干旱地区与工业化地区的社区 曼谷），随着时间的流逝而有所不同（例如，增长期与年份的金融危机或现在恢复 生长）。居住在像泰国这样的经济中持续高持续GDP增长的家庭可能更有可能 为了积累财富和其他缓冲区，至少在经济范围的增长的收益中 向下。因此，家庭有能力过渡到高收入职业（例如，非农业 企业与生存农业）并获得正式金融体系可能是关键 长期贫困和改善风险的一部分。 在研究的更狭窄的目的中：了解当地，地区和国家 经济作为综合系统，并通过模型来研究增长，不平等和贫困的动态 个人和家庭选择新职业和财务访问 市场和其他限制；正式建模交换的障碍，从而为家庭，网络， 即使在较大的地方和经济范围的市场的背景下，“集体群体”的群体也是一个角色；到 进行统计和计量经济学分析：数据录取，统计比较，适合每个 各种模型的各种理论/计量经济学模型以及各种模型的正式比较，包括非 - 与障碍交换有关的嵌套替代方案；了解和量化障碍： 私人信息（不利选择，道德危害，隐藏状态），有限的沟通，不完整 合同，违反（有限承诺，惩罚）和交易成本；评估实际的影响 以及潜在的政府政策（金融自由化，“一百万泰铢”乡村资金，30泰铢健康 关心）;通过年度小组和每月微型面板继续现场研究；建立创新 基于Web的研究数据库归档具有带有所有现有泰国国家数据的CIS功能；然后 加强基础设施，进一步促进有关这些和相关问题的国际研究。