Wide Speed Range Sensorless AC Motor Drives, including Operation at Zero-Frequency, without using Test Signals

宽速范围无传感器交流电机驱动器，包括零频率操作，无需使用测试信号

基本信息

批准号：
EP/D069017/1
负责人：
Mark Sumner
金额：
$ 42.47万
依托单位：
University of Nottingham
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2006 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FD069017%2F1
关键词：
Wide Speed Range Sensorless AC

项目摘要

A sensorless electric motor drive is the popular term for drives which do not use shaft mounted speed or position sensors. Sensorless operation is highly desirable for reasons of cost, simplicity and system integrity. However, it is well known that there are serious problems with sensorless motor drive control at zero and low speeds and this has been one of the main research topics in this field for many years. The conventional method for sensorless control, used in commercial products, is to estimate the machine flux and speed using a mathematical model of the motor. Below 1 to 2% base speed however, position and speed estimation using such a model deteriorates and speed and torque control is lost. There has been a recent impetus for zero speed sensorless drives for more-electric aircraft and vehicular applications. For the former, there is a requirement for direct electromechanical (EM) actuation of critical actuators in which locking of the mechanical transmission is not permissible. In the vehicular field direct EM drives will be required for the main drive train, and for power steering, active suspension and braking actuation. One approach to the solution of the zero speed problem, which does not require a machine model, has been to exploit the natural asymmetries or saliencies in AC machines. These saliencies are cause by magnetic flux saturation and the geometry of the construction of the motor itself. Flux or rotor position can then be tracked by processing the current response to a test voltage signal injection overlaid on the supplied motor voltage. These signal injection methods are now quite well understood, but do contribute to increased accoustic noise, reduced efficiency, the requirement for additional sensors, and an increase in bearing wear and electrical stress within the machine windings.The current proposal aims to overcome the above disadvantages by developing methodologies by which:1) No signal injection is required, the method being integrated with the fundamental voltage applied to the drive via the power converter. This eliminates the problems of extra noise, losses, bearing wear and electrical stresses.2) The requirements for sensors is substantially reduced (depending on the application). For bespoke applications (e.g. aerospace, automotive), the aim will be for one current sensor and one low cost di/dt sensor. For industrial standard drives the target aim is to use only the existing line current sensors. These aims are quite challenging. Mathematical feasibility of a non-signal injection method has been shown at Nottingham and the technique is currently subject to patent at the University. Practical investigation is now possible owing to advances in high-accuracy timing and sampling available in low-cost digital control systems.

无传感器的电动机驱动器是不使用轴安装速度或位置传感器的驱动器的流行术语。由于成本，简单性和系统完整性的原因，无传感器的操作是非常可取的。但是，众所周知，在零和低速下，无传感器运动驱动器控制存在严重问题，这一直是该领域的主要研究主题之一。商业产品中使用的无传感器控制方法的常规方法是使用电动机的数学模型估算机器通量和速度。然而，低于1％至2％的基本速度，使用这种模型的位置和速度估计会降低，速度和扭矩控制将丢失。最近，零速度传感器驱动器用于更高的飞机和车辆应用。对于前者来说，需要直接机电（EM）致动器的直接动力执行器，其中机械传输的锁定不允许。在车辆场中，主驱动列车将需要直接驱动器，以及动力转向，主动悬架和制动驱动。不需要机器模型的零速度问题解决方案的一种方法是利用AC机器中的自然不对称或销售。这些分析是由于磁通量饱和度和电动机本身构造的几何形状而导致的。然后，可以通过处理对所提供电动机电压上覆盖的测试电压信号注入的当前响应来跟踪通量或转子位置。这些信号注入方法现在已经得到充分理解，但确实有助于增加声音噪声，降低效率，对其他传感器的需求以及在机器绕组中的轴承磨损和轴承磨损和电压力的增加。目前的建议旨在克服上述缺点，通过开发信号注入的方法：1）不需要信号注射，该方法需要将驱动力与供电量的驱动力相结合，从而通过构成差异为差异。这消除了额外的噪音，损失，轴承磨损和电应力的问题。2）传感器的要求大大减少（取决于应用）。对于定制应用（例如航空航天，汽车），目的将用于一个电流传感器和一个低成本的DI/DT传感器。对于工业标准，驱动目标是仅使用现有的电流传感器。这些目标非常具有挑战性。诺丁汉已经显示了非信号注射方法的数学可行性，该技术目前在大学中获得专利。由于在低成本数字控制系统中可用的高准确时机和采样方面的进步，现在可以进行实际研究。