Educational Differences in U.S. Adult Mortality

美国成人死亡率的教育差异

• 批准号: 7133463
• 负责人: ROBERT A HUMMER
• 金额: $ 28.49万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-08-01 至 2009-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7133463
• 关键词: age difference; body weight; employment /unemployment; gender difference; health disparity; health services research tag; human data; human mortality; human population study; income; occupations; racial /ethnic difference; smoking; socioeconomics; tobacco abuse; training level

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The persistent educational differences in mortality in the United States represent a troubling and challenging issue. Recent research finds that U.S. adults with less than a high school education had nearly twice the risk of mortality in a five-year follow-up period compared to adults with graduate degrees. This translates into 5-to-7 years of differential life expectancy at age 25 across educational groups, depending on the specific sex and racial/ethnic group in question. The overall goal of our research is to improve the understanding of the linkage between educational attainment and overall and cause-specific adult mortality within the population as a whole and among various subgroups of the adult population. Although the overall relationship between educational level and adult mortality risk has been quite well documented since the classic Kitagawa-Hauser (1973) study that used 1960 data, surprisingly little attention has been given to how this relationship varies by race/ethnicity, nativity, gender, age, and cause of death. Further, there are considerable debates regarding the extent to which educational differences in mortality have been widening or narrowing over time, whether or not educational differences in mortality widen or narrow with increasing age, and how other socioeconomic and health variables mediate the relationship between education and mortality risk. We will use data from the National Health Interview Survey-Multiple Cause of Death (NHIS-MCD) linked files to accomplish our goal. The MCD links the National Death Index through 2002 to the 1986 through 2000 cross-sectional waves of the NHIS. These linked data provide information on: (1) nearly 1 million U.S. adults aged 25 and above followed for subsequent survival status for up to 17 years; (2) over 100,000 identified subsequent deaths, with information on both date and cause of death; (3) enough racial/ethnic/nativity, gender, and age diversity to examine very detailed patterns of mortality for specific subgroups of the population; (4) a long enough time period to examine duration and cohort differences in the education mortality relationship. Further, measures of socioeconomic status (including family income, employment status, and occupational status) and information on cigarette smoking and body weight and height are available in these data, which will allow us to better understand how education, at least in part, may work through other socioeconomic variables, cigarette smoking, and weight-for-height to influence adult mortality risks in the United States. The proposed research addresses a topic of immense scientific and public policy interest and will help to inform a great deal of other current work that examines educational differences in health changes, health behavior, and disability trajectories throughout the life course.

描述（由申请人提供）：美国持续存在的教育死亡率差异是一个令人不安且具有挑战性的问题。最近的研究发现，在五年的随访期内，高中以下学历的美国成年人的死亡风险几乎是拥有研究生学历的成年人的两倍。这意味着不同教育群体 25 岁时的预期寿命存在 5 至 7 年的差异，具体取决于具体性别和种族/族裔群体。我们研究的总体目标是提高对整个人口以及成年人口各个亚群之间的教育程度与总体和特定原因成人死亡率之间联系的理解。虽然总体关系 自经典的 Kitakawa-Hauser (1973) 研究使用 1960 年的数据以来，教育水平和成人死亡风险已经得到了很好的记录，令人惊讶的是，很少有人关注这种关系如何因种族/民族、出生地、性别、年龄和原因而变化死亡。此外，关于死亡率的教育差异在多大程度上随着时间的推移而扩大或缩小，死亡率的教育差异是否随着年龄的增长而扩大或缩小，以及其他社会经济和健康变量如何调节教育与死亡率之间的关系，存在相当多的争论。死亡风险。我们将使用来自全国健康访谈调查 - 多种死因 (NHIS-MCD) 链接文件的数据来实现我们的目标。 MCD 将 2002 年全国死亡指数与 NHIS 1986 年至 2000 年横截面波联系起来。这些关联数据提供了以下信息：(1) 对近 100 万 25 岁及以上的美国成年人进行长达 17 年的后续生存状况跟踪； (2) 超过 100,000 例已确定的后续死亡，并提供死亡日期和死因信息； (3) 足够的种族/民族/出生地、性别和年龄多样性，以检查特定人口亚群的非常详细的死亡率模式； (4)足够长的时间段来检验持续时间和队列差异在教育死亡率之间的关系。此外，这些数据中提供了社会经济地位的衡量标准（包括家庭收入、就业状况和职业状况）以及有关吸烟、体重和身高的信息，这将使我们能够更好地了解教育（至少在一定程度上）如何影响通过其他社会经济变量、吸烟和身高体重来影响美国成年人的死亡风险。拟议的研究涉及一个巨大的科学和公共政策主题 兴趣，并将有助于为当前的许多其他工作提供信息，这些工作检查整个生命过程中健康变化、健康行为和残疾轨迹的教育差异。