Artificial Hand: A New Device for Ingested Foreign Bodies Removal

假手：一种清除摄入异物的新装置

• 批准号: 7218860
• 负责人: VLADIMIR RUBTSOV
• 金额: $ 16.47万
• 依托单位: INTELLIGENT OPTICAL SYSTEMS, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-03-01 至 2007-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7218860
• 关键词: Accounting; Air; Animals; Area; Bolus Infusion; Caliber; California; Child; Childhood; Collaborations; Computers; Custom; Deglutition; Dentures; Development; Device Designs; Device Removal; Devices; Dimensions; Distal; Doctor of Philosophy; Dreams; Elderly; Endoscopes; Endoscopy; Engineering; Esophageal; Esophagoscopy; Esophagus; Evaluation; Excision; Expert Systems; Fiber; Fiber Optics; Finger joint structure; Fingers; Food; Forcep; Foreign Bodies; Gastroenterology; Goals; Gold; Government; Hand; Hand functions; Health; Housing; Human; Image; Imagery; Individual; Ingestion; Internet; Invasive; Joints; Left; Lesion; Light; Lighting; Los Angeles; Mechanics; Methods; Modification; Nature; Numbers; Obstruction; Operative Surgical Procedures; Optics; Perforation; Persons; Phalanx; Phalanx of hand; Phase; Physicians; Pliability; Population; Prisoner; Procedures; Pump; Purpose; Research; Risk; Robotics; Secure; Shapes; Silicon; Source; Standards of Weights and Measures; Stroke; System; Techniques; Test Result; Testing; Time; Tube; United States; Universities; Vision; Work; artist; charge coupled device camera; cognitive function; concept; design; grasp; innovation; instrument; lens; medical schools; millimeter; novel; older patient; optical fiber; optical imaging; parylene; professor; programs; prototype; research study; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The ingestion of foreign bodies and food bolus impaction occur frequently, and are serious threats to human health. In the United States alone, approximately 1,500 people die each year after swallowing foreign bodies, with children accounting for about 80% of foreign body ingestions. Other groups, who are at increased risk, include prisoners, psychiatric patients, and the elderly, especially those who have decreased cognitive function, impaired swallowing after a stroke, or poorly fitting dentures. Food bolus impaction also occurs frequently in animals. Rigid and flexible endoscopy, with the respective accessories, such as forceps of different types and snares, is the most commonly used technique for the active management of impacted esophageal foreign bodies. The lack of reliability and flexibility of the tools used for grasping and holding the object make the procedure time consuming and risky, and in many unsuccessful situations, leads to the necessity for performing a more invasive surgical procedure. The development of a flexible, safe tool that can, ideally, mimic human fingers (there is nothing more articulating than the human hand) is the dream of physicians involved in these procedures. Intelligent Optical Systems (IOS) proposes to develop a unique device for ingested foreign body removal. The device will utilize a pair of four-finger artificial hands, and will have internal illumination and visualization channels, in the distal end of the device. The "Artificial Hand," which evolved from initial studies at UCLA, is a four-finger pneumatically controlled manipulator. Silicon micromachining is used to fabricate multiple phalanges per finger, allowing the entire closed "fist" to fit into a one-millimeter diameter tube. The hand will be scaled to provide the force necessary to remove foreign bodies, and fiber optic illumination will be embedded in the "palm" of the hand. The hands will be incorporated into a flexible shaft, along with a visualization channel and an articulating tip similar to a conventional endoscope. Such a device will be superior to existing techniques because of its high degree of flexibility, and its ability to secure the object to be removed. In Phase I, IOS will demonstrate the concept of combining vision, illumination, and manipulation to develop an artificial "Seeing Hand," using commercially available imaging optics and fiber optics, and innovative modifications to existing devices developed at UCLA. Phase I tests will establish the parameters and preliminary designs required for the overall device. In Phase II, IOS will construct and test a complete vision-assisted device for foreign bodies removal, incorporating custom- fabricated optics and computer-controlled pneumatically-actuated silicon phalanges. The ingestion of foreign bodies is a common problem worldwide, especially in the pediatric population, where more than 100,000 cases occur each year. The endoscopy technique, which is considered the gold standard for removing ingested foreign bodies, is to some degree intrinsically inefficient and unsafe, because many of the grasping type forceps that are used for this procedure are unsafe and inefficient by their nature. The development of a safer device, which employs two hands with fingers, will represent a vast improvement in foreign body removal procedures.

描述（由申请人提供）：摄入异物和食物注射量经常发生，并且对人类健康构成了严重威胁。仅在美国，吞咽异物后每年约有1,500人死亡，儿童约占异物摄入的80％。其他风险增加的团体包括囚犯，精神病患者和老年人，尤其是那些认知功能降低，中风后吞咽损害或合适的义齿的人。食物推注摄影也经常发生在动物中。刚性和灵活的内窥镜检查，各自的配件，例如不同类型和网罗的镊子，是用于主动管理受影响的食管异物的最常用技术。用于抓住和握住对象的工具的可靠性和灵活性缺乏，使过程耗时和风险，并且在许多失败的情况下，因此需要进行更具侵入性的外科手术程序。理想情况下，可以模仿人的手指（没有比人的手更明确的手指）的灵活，安全工具的开发是参与这些程序的医生的梦想。智能光学系统（IOS）建议开发一种独特的设备，以摄取外国的去除。该设备将利用一对四指人造手，并在设备的远端具有内部照明和可视化通道。从加州大学洛杉矶分校（UCLA）的初步研究演变而来的“人造手”是一种四指气动控制器。硅微加工用于每只手指的多个小块，使整个闭合的“拳头”适合一毫米直径的管。将缩放手，以提供去除异物所需的力量，并将光纤照明嵌入到手的“棕榈”中。手将合并到柔性轴中，并具有可视化通道和类似于常规内窥镜的铰接尖端。由于其高度的灵活性以及保护要删除对象的能力，因此这种设备将优于现有技术。在第一阶段，iOS将展示将视觉，照明和操纵结合起来的概念，以使用市售成像光学元件和光纤来开发人造“看手”，以及对UCLA开发的现有设备的创新修改。 I期测试将建立整个设备所需的参数和初步设计。在第二阶段，iOS将构建和测试一个完整的视觉辅助设备，用于拆卸异物，并结合了定制的光学器件和计算机控制的气动硅球形。摄入异物是全球一个常见的问题，尤其是在每年发生超过100,000例病例的儿科人口中。内窥镜技术被认为是去除摄入的异物的黄金标准，在某种程度上是本质上效率低下且不安全的，因为用于此过程的许多握把式镊子都是不安全的，而且效率低下。使用手指两只手的安全装置的开发将代表外国拆除程序的大幅改善。