Multispecies competition, indirect effects, and invasion in mosquito communities

蚊子群落中的多物种竞争、间接影响和入侵

• 批准号: 7303500
• 负责人: STEVEN A JULIANO
• 金额: $ 21.45万
• 依托单位: ILLINOIS STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-07-01 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7303500
• 关键词: Aedes; Affect; American; Communities; Condition; Culex (Genus); Culex pipiens; Culicidae; Ecology; Encephalitis; Exclusion; Future; Goals; Habitats; Health; Human; Invaded; Invasive; Laboratories; Life; Mediating; Medical; Methods; Nature; North America; Numbers; Ochlerotatus; Pattern; Population; Population Dynamics; Positioning Attribute; Probability; Process; Public Health; Recreation; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Role playing therapy; Sampling; Site; Structure; System; Testing; West Nile viral; Work; community organizations; design; human disease; research study; success; tool; vector

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Container-dwelling mosquitoes are medically important, with Aedes albopictus, Ochlerotatus triseriatus, Culex pipiens/quinquefasciatus, among others, acting as vectors of human diseases. Arrivals in North America of successive invasive container mosquitoes, including, among others Aedes albopictus, and more recently Ochlerotatus japonicus, are important because these species can act as vectors, but also because they alter the organization of the community and in so doing may have indirect impacts on human disease. Understanding the ecology of container communities and their invaders will be a valuable tool for understanding how, where, and when mosquitoes in these human-associated habitats may become health threats. To understand how multispecies assemblages of interacting mosquitoes may affect one another directly and indirectly, and the consequences of those effects for vector populations, this project has 3 specific aims. Specific aim 1 is to determine the roles of direct and indirect effects among competing species of Aedes and Ochlerotatus. We will use a statistical design for detecting indirect effects in a laboratory experiment involving 4 species to test the hypothesis that indirect effects of competing species affect mosquito population dynamics. In a related field experiment, we will use a similar design to test the hypothesis that in nature, direct and indirect effects of competing species affect probability of successful invasion of container communities by non- native species. Specific aim 2 is to determine the importance of a trade-off between competitive and colonization success as a mechanism of species coexistence in container communities. We will test two predictions of the hypothesis that coexistence among Aedes and Ochlerotatus species results from a tradeoff between competitive and colonization abilities: Prediction 1 is that there is a competitive hierarchy among Aedes and Ochlerotatus species. This will be tested in a set of laboratory competition experiments. Prediction 2 is that species' abilities to colonize vacant sites are negatively correlated with their positions in this competitive hierarchy. We will test this prediction using a field experiment designed to quantify colonization ability of container mosquitoes. Specific aim 3 is to determine the competitive effects occurring between the two major multispecies groups of container-dwelling mosquitoes: Aedes + Ochlerotatus vs. Culex. We will develop methods for exclusion of Aedes + Ochlerotatus and use those methods to test the hypothesis that asymmetrical direct and indirect interactions between these two groups result in Aedes + Ochlerotatus presence reducing local populations of Culex. Container-dwelling mosquitoes can be a significant public health problem because many of these species are vectors of human disease (e.g., La Crosse Encephalitis, West Nile Viral Encephalitis, St. Louis Encephalitis), and because these containers often occur in close proximity to the places people live, work, and take recreation. This project investigates the effects that these mosquitoes have on one another, how those effects may influence the population dynamics of these species, and whether nonnative species can invade container communities. By investigating the structure and function of this entire community of mosquitoes, we will gain a better understanding of current and future public health threats from these vectors,

描述（由申请人提供）：居住在容器中的蚊子在医学上很重要，艾德斯白phopictus，ochlerotatus triseriatus，culex pipiens/quinquefasciatus等，作用为人类疾病的载体。连续入侵的容器蚊子的到来，包括伊迪斯白optictus和最近的japonicus，包括这些物种可以充当媒介，也可以改变社区的组织，并且在这样做可能会对人类疾病产生间接影响。了解集装箱群落及其入侵者的生态学将是了解这些与人类相关栖息地中的蚊子如何，何时和何时成为健康威胁的宝贵工具。为了了解相互作用蚊子的多物种组合如何直接和间接影响彼此，以及这些影响对向量种群的后果，该项目具有3个特定的目标。具体目的1是确定埃德斯和ochlerotatus竞争物种中直接和间接影响的作用。我们将使用统计设计来检测涉及4种物种的实验室实验中的间接影响，以检验以下假设：竞争物种的间接影响会影响蚊子人口动态。在相关的现场实验中，我们将使用类似的设计来检验以下假设：在本质上，竞争物种的直接和间接影响会影响非本地物种成功入侵集装箱群落的可能性。具体目标2是确定竞争和殖民成功之间权衡的重要性，作为集装箱群落中物种共存的机制。我们将测试两个预测，即伊德斯和牛lot虫物种之间的共存是由于竞争性和殖民能力之间的权衡而产生的：预测1是，伊蚊和牛皮变质物种之间存在竞争性层次结构。这将在一组实验室竞争实验中进行测试。预测2是，物种在殖民地地点定居的能力与它们在该竞争性层次结构中的位置负相关。我们将使用旨在量化容器蚊子定植能力的现场实验来测试这一预测。具体目的3是确定两个主要的蚊子蚊子组之间发生的竞争效应：艾德斯 + ochlerotatus vs. culex。我们将开发用于排除AEDES + Ochlerotatus的方法，并使用这些方法来测试这两组之间不对称的直接和间接相互作用的假设，导致AEDES + Ochlerotatus的存在减少了Culex的局部人群。居住在容器中的蚊子可能是一个重大的公共卫生问题，因为其中许多物种都是人类疾病的媒介（例如La Crosse脑炎，西尼罗河病毒脑炎，圣路易斯脑炎），并且这些容器通常与人们近距离接近人们的生活，工作和娱乐。该项目调查了这些蚊子对彼此的影响，这些影响如何影响这些物种的种群动态，以及非本地物种是否可以入侵容器群落。通过调查整个蚊子社区的结构和功能，我们将更好地了解这些向量的当前和未来公共卫生威胁，