Brain Mechanisms Linking Language, Attention and Memory

连接语言、注意力和记忆的大脑机制

• 批准号: 7245267
• 负责人: THOMAS A CHRISTENSEN
• 金额: $ 19.13万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-04-01 至 2012-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7245267
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Animal Communication; Animal Model; Architecture; Area; Arizona; Arts; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Auditory; Awareness; Basic Science; Behavior; Biomedical Research; Brain; Child; Cognitive; Color; Communities; Competence; Complex; Comprehension; Condition; Conscious; Contralateral; Data Collection; Development; Discrimination; Disease; Dorsal; Ear; Environment; Event; Fostering; Functional Imaging; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; General Population; Goals; Human; Image; Imaging Device; Imaging technology; Impairment; Individual; Individual Differences; Inferior; Invasive; Knowledge; Laboratories; Language; Language Development; Language Disorders; Lateral; Learning; Learning Disabilities; Left; Linguistics; Link; Memory; Mentored Research Scientist Development Award; Modeling; Neurosciences; Operative Surgical Procedures; Parietal; Patients; Pattern; Physiology; Play; Population; Positron-Emission Tomography; Principal Investigator; Process; Reading; Research; Research Training; Role; Schizophrenia; Scientist; Semantics; Sensory Process; Shapes; Short-Term Memory; Speech; Speed; Stimulus; Structure; Support System; System; Universities; Variant; Visual; Voice; attentional modulation; base; bioimaging; career; concept; directed attention; experience; frontal lobe; language processing; neuromechanism; novel; programs; relating to nervous system; selective attention; somatosensory; specific language impairment; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Inter-individual differences in overall language proficiency can be related to one's level of language comprehension, but moment-to-moment changes in attention may also explain within-subject variation in language competence. In contrast to what is known about the cortical systems involved in reading, the neural mechanisms governing attentional modulation of verbal language-processing networks are not well understood. This Mentored Research Scientist Development Award is intended to help fill this gap by providing the candidate with a structured plan for career development in two major fields of biomedical research that represent new career directions: brain mechanisms of language, and the use of contemporary functional imaging technologies to study language processing. The ultimate goal is to augment the candidate's extensive background in systems physiology using animal models and to foster his professional development in the specific areas of verbal language processing, reciprocal interactions between memory and attention networks, and the modulation of functional connectivity between these brain systems. His systems perspective and broad knowledge of the neural basis for behavior can help fill a critical need in our imaging community to develop testable functional models of effective connectivity between the distributed brain networks involved in bottom-up and top-down attentional control of human language processing. The research plan will take advantage of state-of-the-art fMRI facilities at the University of Arizona (UA) to investigate a little-studied area of human neuroscience: cortical and subcortical mechanisms linking language, attention, and memory. The training and research experience provided by this K01 award will enable the candidate's successful transition from basic research in learning & memory, systems physiology and animal communication to a career as an independent scientist studying the functional neural architecture of attentional control over auditory learning and language processing, using non-invasive biomedical imaging tools as the primary means of data collection. Relevance: The attention system governs how the brain selects only some information from the environment and admits it to consciousness, enabling us to focus awareness on objects and events that are relevant to our immediate goals. However, the limited capacity of the attention system varies greatly between individuals and under different cognitive loads. Attention is also a crucial cognitive component in many disorders affecting language, including schizophrenia, ADHD, specific language impairments, and language learning disabilities (LLD), but what roles attention plays in the expression of these complex spectrum disorders is not well understood. Therefore, in parallel to normal language processing, we will also examine patients with LLD and/or ADHD to explore specific models of functional connectivity and modulation in the brain using high-field fMRI.

描述（由申请人提供）：整体语言水平的个体间差异可能与一个人的语言理解水平有关，但是注意力的力矩变化也可以解释语言能力的受试者内部变化。与阅读中涉及的皮质系统的了解相反，尚不清楚言论口头语言处理网络注意调制的神经机制。这项受过指导的研究科学家发展奖旨在通过为候选人提供在两个主要的生物医学研究主要领域的职业发展计划来帮助填补这一空白，这些计划代表了新的职业指导：语言的大脑机制，以及使用当代功能成像技术来研究语言处理。最终的目标是使用动物模型来增强候选人在系统生理学方面的广泛背景，并在言语语言处理的特定领域，记忆和注意力网络之间的相互互动以及这些大脑系统之间功能连接的调节。他的系统观点和对行为神经基础的广泛了解可以帮助满足成像社区中的关键需求，以开发可测试的功能模型，这些模型在涉及自下而上和自上而下的人类语言处理的分布式大脑网络之间有效连通性。该研究计划将利用亚利桑那大学（UA）的最先进的FMRI设施来研究人类神经科学的一个有点研究的领域：将语言，注意力和记忆联系起来的皮质和皮层机制。该K01奖提供的培训和研究经验将使候选人从学习与记忆，系统生理学和动物交流的基础研究的成功过渡到作为独立科学家的职业，该独立科学家研究了对听觉学习和语言处理的功能性神经架构（使用非侵入性生物医学成像工具作为主要数据收集的手段）。相关性：注意力系统控制大脑如何仅从环境中选择一些信息并将其承认为意识，从而使我们能够将认识集中在与我们的直接目标相关的对象和事件上。但是，注意力系统的有限能力在个人和不同的认知负载下都有很大的不同。注意在许多影响语言的疾病中，注意也是一个至关重要的认知成分，包括精神分裂症，ADHD，特定的语言障碍和语言学习障碍（LLD），但是在这些复杂频谱障碍的表达中，关注的角色在这些复杂频谱的表达中起着什么作用。因此，在与正常语言处理的同时，我们还将检查具有LLD和/或ADHD的患者，以探索使用高场面fMRI在大脑中的功能连通性和调节模型。