Smart sensor networks for flood and drought resilience

用于抵御洪水和干旱的智能传感器网络

• 批准号: 2890490
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Imperial College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2890490
• 关键词: Smart; sensor; networks; flood; drought

Floods and droughts are among the world's most devastating natural hazards, claiming thousands of lives each year. Global climate change is intensifying extreme weather events. In combination with other human activities such as land-use change, this will lead to an increase in the severity and societal impact of floods and droughts in many parts of the world.Hydrological monitoring is essential to develop robust systems for early warning, build preparedness, and reduce human exposure to floods and droughts. However, measuring the hydrological processes that determine flood and drought hazard is still fraught with technical and scientific challenges. This is especially the case in the Global South, where hydrometeorological monitoring networks are sparse and often under-resourced. Yet these regions often host the populations that are most vulnerable and most exposed to hydrological extremes.This PhD project will develop the next generation of sensing technologies to support flood and drought management and resilience building. The project will leverage Imperial's world-leading expertise on technological innovation in environmental sensing. Our Hydrology and Water Resources Laboratory has designed, assembled, and deployed over 300 sensors all over the world, from Andean glaciers and mountain wetlands to groundwater wells in Somalia and the Philippines. The current project will focus on developing and testing novel technologies to measure water fluxes and water quality, with a specific focus on near real-time data transmission, proxy sensing, and smart and adaptive sensing algorithms. The project will be implemented in close collaboration with the UK Flood and Drought Research Infrastructure. FDRI is a one-of-a-lifetime UK-wide investment in novel infrastructure for flood and drought research, implemented by a delivery team led by the UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (UKCEH), with Imperial as an executive partner. It will create a unique research and innovation platform for the PhD project, and opportunity for research collaboration and impact creation.

洪水和干旱是世界上最具破坏性的自然灾害之一，每年夺走数千人的生命。全球气候变化正在加剧极端天气事件。与土地利用变化等其他人类活动相结合，这将导致世界许多地区洪水和干旱的严重程度和社会影响增加。水文监测对于开发强大的早期预警系统、建立防灾准备至关重要，并减少人类遭受洪水和干旱的风险。然而，测量决定洪水和干旱灾害的水文过程仍然充满了技术和科学挑战。在南半球国家尤其如此，那里的水文气象监测网络稀疏且往往资源不足。然而，这些地区往往居住着最脆弱、最容易遭受极端水文影响的人群。该博士项目将开发下一代传感技术，以支持洪水和干旱管理以及复原力建设。该项目将利用帝国理工学院在环境传感技术创新方面世界领先的专业知识。我们的水文和水资源实验室已在世界各地设计、组装和部署了 300 多个传感器，从安第斯冰川和山地湿地到索马里和菲律宾的地下水井。当前的项目将重点开发和测试测量水通量和水质的新技术，特别关注近实时数据传输、代理传感以及智能和自适应传感算法。该项目将与英国洪水和干旱研究基础设施密切合作实施。 FDRI 是英国范围内对洪水和干旱研究新型基础设施的一项千载难逢的投资，由英国生态与水文中心 (UKCEH) 领导的交付团队实施，帝国理工学院作为执行合作伙伴。它将为博士项目创建一个独特的研究和创新平台，以及研究合作和创造影响力的机会。