Quantum Error Correction in Neutral Atom Quantum Computer

中性原子量子计算机中的量子纠错

• 批准号: 2889069
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Strathclyde
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2889069
• 关键词: Quantum; Error; Correction; Neutral; Atom

This project seeks to develop a dual-species platform for quantum computing and simulation with neutral atoms, providing a route to implementing active quantum error correction essential for future scaling beyond 100 qubits. This hardware will simultaneously provide a versatile platform for analogue computing and simulation due to the ability to independently control inter- and intra-species interactions, providing a route to performing studies of complex many-body physics as well as increasing the diversity of real-world optimisation problems that can be tackled using neutral atom hardware.Quantum computation (QC) offers a revolutionary approach to information processing, providing a route to efficiently solve classically hard problems encountered across a diverse range of sectors, including financial services (e.g. portfolio optimisation), energy (e.g. network design and energy distribution), logistics (e.g. route planning), and IT (e.g. search, machine learning). Using hardware operating under the laws of quantum mechanics also creates a platform for studying physical systems, such as complex materials and molecules, with early demonstrations showing applications in materials science and quantum chemistry that could eventually be scaled up to accelerate drug design or optimised materials for aerospace and manufacturing.Whilst large-scale applications will require thousands of qubits, in the near-term small (100 qubit) quantum processors will reach a regime in which the quantum hardware is able to solve problems not accessible even on the largest available conventional supercomputers. However, scaling of quantum systems remains a major experimental challenge, with high-fidelity performance demonstrated for small, state-of-the-art ion and superconductor systems but with significant technical barriers to extending this performance beyond around 10-20 qubits. Over the last decade, neutral atoms have emerged as one of the most promising platforms for quantum information processing, with a major advantage over competing technologies arising from the ability to scale to large numbers of identical qubits as required for performing practical quantum computing. To date, several experiments have demonstrated trapping of qubit arrays with > 256 qubits. To couple neutral atom qubits, highly excited Rydberg states are used which have extremely large electric dipole moments giving rise to strong and controllable interactions. These can be exploited to perform high fidelity multi-qubit gates, with F>0.95 demonstrated for two qubits and intrinsic fidelities of F>0.995 for multi-qubit gates, or for performing quantum simulation of controllable spin models as required for studying materials or solving optimisation problems.Whilst there has been significant experimental progress, a number of challenges currently limit scaling to larger array sizes for hardware based on a single atomic species. The first arises from finite vacuum lifetime due to collisions with background atoms ejecting atoms from the trap. For room temperature operation, this is typically 10s for 1 atom but means only 10ms for a 1000 atom array. This can be solved by moving to operation at cryogenic temperatures down to 4 K where the cold surfaces cause significant increase in lifetime upwards of > 6000 seconds meaning recovery of times > 6s even for 1000 atoms. The next issue lies in the long readout time for neutral atom qubits, typically requiring 10-50 ms to readout qubit states. With a single species, the cross-talk and scattered light mean readout is destructive across the whole array, with no clear pathway to performing local measurements required for error correction to reach fault tolerant operation.

该项目旨在开发一个用中性原子进行量子计算和仿真的双色平台，为实施活跃的量子误差校正提供了一条途径，对于将来的缩放量表超过100吨，必不可少。 This hardware will simultaneously provide a versatile platform for analogue computing and simulation due to the ability to independently control inter- and intra-species interactions, providing a route to performing studies of complex many-body physics as well as increasing the diversity of real-world optimisation problems that can be tackled using neutral atom hardware.Quantum computation (QC) offers a revolutionary approach to information processing, providing a route to efficiently solve classically hard problems在包括金融服务（例如投资组合优化），能源（例如网络设计和能源分配），物流（例如路线规划）和IT（例如搜索，机器学习）的各种领域遇到。使用根据量子力学定律运行的硬件还创建了一个用于研究物理系统（例如复杂材料和分子）的平台，早期的演示显示了在材料科学和量子化学中的应用，最终可以扩展到可以加速药物设计或对航空航天和制造的优化材料进行缩放。在大规模上进行量子的量子，将需要数千量的Quitbits Quitt（100 Quit）（100 Qubit）（100 Qubit）（100 Qubit）（100 Qubit）（100 Qubit）（100 Qubit）（100 quit）（100 quit）即使在最大的可用常规超级计算机上也无法解决问题。然而，量子系统的缩放仍然是一个主要的实验挑战，对于小型，最先进的离子和超导体系统，表现出高保真性能，但具有重大的技术障碍，可以将这种性能扩展到10-20量左右。在过去的十年中，中性原子已成为量子信息处理的最有希望的平台之一，比竞争技术具有主要优势，这是从缩放到进行实用量子计算所需的大量相同量子的能力引起的。迄今为止，几个实验证明了用> 256 QUAT的量子阵列捕获。为了几对中性原子量子A，使用了极为激发的Rydberg状态，这些状态具有极大的电偶极矩，从而产生了强大而可控制的相互作用。可以利用这些功能来执行高忠诚度多Qubit大门，对于两个量子位和f> 0.995的f> 0.95，用于多头门的f> 0.995，或用于对研究材料进行优化材料所需的可控旋转模型的量子模拟或对优化问题进行优化的量子。当前有较大的实验性进步，该物种限制了较大的质量缩小范围。首先是由于与背景原子从陷阱射出原子的碰撞引起的有限真空寿命。对于室温运行，通常为1个原子为10s，但对于1000个原子阵列来说仅表示10ms。这可以通过在低温温度下移动到4 k的低温温度来解决，在这种低温温度下，冷表面会导致寿命的显着增加> 6000秒以上，这意味着即使在1000个原子中，也会恢复> 6s的时间> 6s。下一个问题在于中性原子量子位的漫长读数时间，通常需要10-50毫秒才能读取量子位。在一个物种的情况下，串扰和散射的光平均读数在整个阵列中都是破坏性的，没有明确的途径来执行误差校正所需的局部测量以达到容错操作。